蝇蛹俑小蜂对寄主及果实的趋性反应

Behavioural response of the parasitoid Spalangia endius( Walker) to host and fruit volatiles

【背景】蝇蛹俑小蜂是实蝇类害虫蛹期重要的寄生蜂之一。有关植物果实和寄主挥发物在蝇蛹俑小蜂寻找寄主过程中的作用尚不明确。【方法】采用"Y"型嗅觉仪测试了寄主和果实(健康果实和虫害诱导果实)对蝇蛹俑小蜂的引诱作用。【结果】虫伤1 d的番石榴和杨桃果实对蝇蛹佣小蜂雌蜂具有显著的引诱作用;寄主蛹——3日龄橘小实蝇蛹和4日龄瓜实蝇蛹对蝇蛹俑小蜂雌蜂也具有显著的引诱作用。蝇蛹俑小蜂雌蜂对雄蜂有显著的吸引作用。橘小实蝇性诱剂甲基丁香酚对蝇蛹俑小蜂的搜索行为则无显著影响。【结论与意义】寄主蛹和幼虫危害1 d的果实能释放对蝇蛹俑小蜂有引诱作用的物质,这可为利用蝇蛹俑小蜂防治实蝇类害虫提供基础信息。

[ Background] Spalangia endius （Walker） is found to be one of the most important natural enemies, a pupal parasitoid of fruit flies. It is not known what role volatiles of fruits and hosts plays in host searching of S. endius. [ Method] The orientation re- sponse of S. endius to the different treatments were studied with a ＂Y＂ -tube olfactometer. [ Result] Adult female S. endius were sig- nificantly attracted by the fruits of guava （Psidium guajava L. ） and carambola （Averrhoa carambola L. ） one day after being infested with fruit fly larvae. Adult female S. endius were also significantly attracted by Bactrocera dorsalis （Hendel） pupae for 3 d old and B. cucurbitae （Coquillett） pupae for 4 d old. Female S. endius attracted the male S. endius significantly. However, the number of wasps between methyl eugenol and CK （air in a natural state） in the summary were not different. [ Conclusion and significance] The host pupae and larvae-damaged fruits for 1 d old can release the material attracting S. endius, which may provide useful information of wasp release technology to control adults of fruit fly.