张栻宗族思想探析

On ZHANG Shi's Theory of Patriarchal Clan

张栻宗族思想主要关涉祭祀、乡治、家训等方面,在祭祀上主张遵循礼制,在墓祭与祭祀时间上与朱熹相发明;乡治上依傍《孟子》等经典阐发井田制度与王道教育;家训思想主要体现在家族书信往来与对祖上功业的推崇上。张栻宗族思想体现出依傍儒家经典、缺乏系统性和未完成性的特征。这是宋儒重构宗族思想体系阶段性特征的反映,也是张栻自身思想特征与人生经历的体现。

ZHANG Shi＇s theory of patriarchal clan is mainly about sacrifice,township governance,family instruction,etc. He held that sacrifice should follow rituals. ZHANG Shi and other philosophers such as ZHU Xi influenced each other in terms of their ideas of memorial ceremony and time for sacrifice. As to township governance,he expounded on the well-field system and education of benevolent governance according to Mencius. In terms of family instruction,he encouraged writing family letters and respecting ancestors＇ achievements. His theory of patriarchal clan is characterized by dependence on the classics of Confucianism and it is unsystematic and unfinished. It reflects the features of Confucians＇ restructuring the theory of patriarchal clan in Song Dynasty,as well as ZHANG Shi＇s life and the characteristics of his thinking.