民航飞行员视网膜动脉硬化调查研究

Investigation on retinal arteriosclerosis in civil aviators

目的：调查不同年龄段民航飞行员视网膜动脉硬化检出率,分析其影响因素。方法：随机选取2014-07/2015-07在民航总医院进行年度体检的现役民航飞行员2 778名,按不同年龄将其分为3组：A组（22~39岁）1 311名、B组（40~49岁）618名、C组（50~59岁）849名。年龄≥40岁的飞行员,按视网膜动脉硬化检出与否,将其分为两组,有动脉硬化组和无动脉硬化组,分析其体检资料。结果：选取的2 778名飞行员中,检出视网膜动脉硬化334例（12.02%）,其中视网膜动脉硬化Ⅰ级318例,Ⅱ级16例。A组视网膜动脉硬化为0例,B组为28例（4.53%）,C组为306例（36.04%）,三组视网膜动脉硬化检出率随年龄增加而升高,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。生化指标检查结果显示,与无动脉硬化组相比,有动脉硬化组高血压、高血脂、空腹血糖升高、超重的检出率均升高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：现役民航飞行员视网膜动脉硬化检出率为12.02%,以Ⅰ级病变为主,年龄≥40岁、高血压、高血脂、空腹血糖升高及超重是视网膜动脉硬化发生的重要影响因素。

AIM ： To investigate and analyze the prevalence and the influencing factors on retinal arteriosclerosis in civil aviators of different ages.METHODS： Two thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight com m issioned civil aviators who received m edical exam ination in Civil Aviation General Hospital from July2014 to July 2015 were random ly divided into three groups： group A（ 1 311 aviators aged 22-39）,group B（ 618 aviators age 40-49）,group C（ 849 aviators age 50-59）. Aviators over 40 years old,were divided into two groups： group with retinal atherosclerosis and group without retinal atherosclerosis according to the results of fundus exam ination. Medical exam ination data of the aviators were analyzed. RESULTS： Of 2 778 aviators, 334（ 12. 02%） were detected with retinal arteriosclerosis,am ong which 318 aviators were classified as grade Ⅰ,and 16 aviators as grade Ⅱ. The retinal arteriosclerosis prevalence of group A,B,and C increased with age,and the difference was statistically significant（ P 0. 05）. Biochem ical tests showed that the prevalence of hypertension,hyperlipidemia, high fasting blood glucose and overweight increased in group with retinal arteriosclerosis com pared with that in group without retinal arteriosclerosis, and the difference was statistically significant（ P0. 05）.CONCLUSION： The prevalence of retinal arteriosclerosis in com missioned civil aviators was 12. 02%,and most ofthe retinal arteriosclerosis was classified as grade Ⅰ. In aviators over 40 years old,hypertension,hyperlipidem ia,high fasting blood glucose and overweight were important factors in the developm ent of retinal arteriosclerosis.