论美国《模范刑法典》的犯罪论体系

The Structure for Analyzing Criminal Liability in Model Penal Code

20世纪以来,两大法系犯罪论体系形成了三种模式,即两分制、三分制与四分制。普通法采取的是两分制犯罪论体系,但这种犯罪论体系存在较大缺陷。与普通法两分制犯罪论体系不同,美国《模范刑法典》采取了一种三分制犯罪论体系,其克服了普通法两分制体系的缺陷,因此更为科学。《模范刑法典》三分制的犯罪论体系和德国刑法的三阶层犯罪论体系无论在形式上还是在实质上均存在共通性。三阶层犯罪论体系具有体系性、逻辑性和实用性的优势。作为我国通说的四要件犯罪论体系存在体系性不足、逻辑性不强和实用性不佳等重大缺陷。从长远来看,我国应当采用更为科学的三阶层犯罪论体系。

Since the 20 th century,three models of structure for analyzing criminal liability have been formulated in the two main legal families,i. e. bipartite structure,tripartite structure and quadripartite structure. Common law adopts a bipartite structure,which is flawed in two important aspects. Unlike the common law bipartite structure,Model Penal Code has adopted a tripartite structure,which avoids the deficiencies of common law bipartite structure and therefore more scientific. By comparing the tripartite structure in Model Penal Code and German tripartite structure,it can be found that both have not only formal but also substantial similarities. In addition,the tripartite structure proves to be more systematic,logic and pragmatic. As the dominant theory in China,it cannot be denied that the quadripartite structure has historical values and contemporary values. But it cannot be denied either that the quadripartite structure is not systematic,logic and pragmatic. Therefore,in the long run,the more scientific tripartite structure should be adopted in China.