死因调查制度的问题与重构——以普通法系的死因裁判制度为借鉴

Problems and Reconstruction of Death Investigation System in China:Taking Coroner System of Common Law for Reference

当今世界的死因调查制度大致可以分为独立式模式与附属式模式两大类。我国的死因调查制度完全附属于刑事诉讼,并不存在一套独立、完整的死因调查制度体系,且由侦查机关完全主导,导致了程序逻辑上的悖论和结构上的失衡,在部分案件的实践中造成了司法公信力的弱化。普通法系的死因裁判制度具有独立性强、程序公正、社会参与度高、司法公信力强的优点。我国可借鉴普通法系的死因裁判制度且结合自身司法体制的特点,确立独立式的死因调查模式,建立死因调查委员会,完善调查程序,使调查结论更具社会公信力。

Nowadays,the death investigation system in the world can be classified into two models,the independent model and the subsidiary model. China ＇s death investigation system is completely subsidiary to criminal process. There is no one set of independent and complete death investigation system in China. As a result of investigation dominated by the investigative organization,the investigative process is full of paradox,and its structure is imbalanced,which has weakened judicial credibility in several cases. The coroner system of common law has several advantages,such as strong independence,procedural justice,high degree of social participation and good judicial credibility. Taking the coroner system for reference and combining it with the characteristics of China ＇s judicial system,China can establish an independent death investigation model,set up the death investigation commission and improve the investigative process,which will make the investigation conclusion better social credibility.