HCN和Kv4通道在癫痫中的研究进展

HCN and Kv4 channel in epilepsy

电压门控性离子通道对于细胞的兴奋性起着极其重要的作用。HCN是超极化激活环核苷酸门控阳离子通道家族的简称，Kv4家族成员是海马神经元中产生瞬间外向钾电流的最主要成分，上述两个家族均为电压门控性离子通道。HCN通道及其介导的111电流可以影响细胞膜静息电位，控制神经元兴奋性、突触电位和突触传递，参与心脏起搏和某些神经元的节律性活动。瞬间外向钾电流（IA）是动作电位复极化早期外向钾离子电流的主要成分，主要调节突触的输入和动作电位的反向传播，Kv4通道可降低神经元的兴奋性。研究表明两种通道的突变均可导致癫痫的发生。该文简要介绍HCN和Kv4通道的结构、分布、功能，并对两者在癫痫中的研究进展进行综述。

Voltage-gated ion channels play an important role in cell＇s excitability. HCN is short for hy- perpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and Kv4 family is the main ingredients of transient outward potassium current （IA） produced by hippocampal neuron, both of which belong to voltage-gated ion channels. HCN channel and its mediated Ih current could influence the resting potential of cell membrane, control the excitability of neurons, synaptic potential and synaptic transmission. They also participate in cardiac pacing and rhythmic activity of some neurons. IA is the main ingredients of outward potassium current in the early peri- od of action potential repolarization, which mainly takes part in regulating the synaptic input and counterpropaga- tion of action potential. Kv4 channel could reduce the excitability of neurons. Studies indicate that mutations of these two channels lead to epilepsy. This article focuses on the structure,distribution and function of HCN and Kv4 in epilepsy.