利用农业废弃物处理重金属污染水体的试验

Experiment of Utilizing Agricultural Wastes to Treat Water Polluted by Heavy Metals

利用香蕉皮、菌糠、桑杆、甘蔗渣等当地常见的农业废弃物,通过振荡吸附的方法,研究其在吸附时间、p H、吸附材料投入量、粒径以及重金属离子起始浓度不同的人工模拟废水中,处理Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)污染水体的可行性及最佳吸附条件。结果表明:1香蕉皮、菌糠、桑杆、甘蔗渣对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)污染的水体均具有一定的吸附作用。2不同吸附材料对Cu^(2+)吸附的最佳时间、pH、吸附材料投入量、重金属离子起始浓度以及粒径分别为:香蕉皮,2.5h、2、6 g/L、5μg/m L、60目;桑杆,2.5 h、3、2 g/L、20μg/m L、40目;菌糠,2 h、2~5、2 g/L、30μg/m L、100目;甘蔗渣,2 h、2~3、8 g/L、10μg/m L、100目。3对Pb^(2+)的最佳吸附条件为依次为:香蕉皮,1.5 h、3~6、10 g/L、20μg/m L、60目;桑杆,3 h、3、10 g/L、5μg/m L、60~100目;菌糠,3 h、3~5、4 g/L、10μg/m L、80目;甘蔗渣,1.5 h、4~6、4 g/L、10μg/m L、20目。选用香蕉皮、菌糠、桑杆、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物处理重金属污染水体,既可实现环境治理,又可实现资源的合理利用。

By the method of oscillation adsorption,common agricultural wastes such as banana peel,fungus chaff,mulberry branches and sugarcane bagasses were used as adsorbent materials to probe the feasibility and effects of the treatment of water polluted by heavy metal. The impacts of adsorption time,p H value,dosage of adsorbent,particle size of the material and the initial concentration of heavy metal ions in different artificial wastewater on Cu^2＋and Pb^2＋adsorption and its optimum adsorption conditions were studied. It was shown that four kinds of agricultural wastes had some ability for Cu^2＋and Pb^2＋adsorption in the polluted water. Under the same conditions,the effects of Cu^2＋and Pb^2＋adsorption by different materials had significant differences. The best adsorption conditions（ including adsorption time,p H value,inputs of adsorbent,particle size of the material and the initial concentration of heavy metal ions） of the test for Cu^2＋were as follows respectively： banana peels： 2. 5 h,2,6 g/L,5 μg/m L,60 mesh; mulberry branches： 2. 5 h,3,2 g/L,20 μg/m L,40 mesh; fungus chaff： 2 h,2 - 5,2 g/L,30 μg/m L,100 mesh; sugarcane bagasses： 2 h,2 - 3,8 g/L,10 μg/m L,100 mesh. The best adsorption conditions of the test for Pb^2＋were as follows respectively： banana peels： 1. 5 h,3 - 6,10 g/L,20 μg/m L,60 mesh; mulberry branches： 3 h,3,10 g/L,5 μg/m L,60 - 100 mesh; fungus chaff： 3 h,3 - 5,4 g/L,10 μg/m L,80 mesh; sugarcane bagasses： 1. 5 h,4 -6,4 g/L,10 μg/m L,20 mesh. Selecting and using agricultural wastes of banana peels,fungus chaff,mulberry branches and sugarcane bagasses as adsorbents to deal with water polluted by heavy metals,could achieve not only environmental management,but also rational utilization of resources.