贵州省铜仁汞矿区汞污染特征研究

Mercury Pollution Characteristics in Tongren Mercury Mining Area,Guizhou Province,China

铜仁汞矿位于铜仁市碧江区云场坪镇,曾是贵州省最大的汞矿之一。为了了解该矿在闭坑后矿区的汞污染特征,采集了矿区的大气、水体、矿渣、土壤和农作物样品,分析了汞的分布特征。结果表明,矿区大气汞浓度为7.29~139 ng·m^(-3)、地表水汞浓度为81.6~4.25×103ng·L^(-1)、矿渣汞含量为2.79~510 mg·kg^(-1)、土壤汞含量为3.06~2.92×103mg·kg^(-1)。可见,大气、水体、矿渣和土壤中的汞含量远高于对照区或国家相关标准。共采集了10种农作物玉米(Zea mays L)、高粱(Chinese sorghum)、枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill)、梨(Pyrus spp)、茄子(Solanum melongena)、丝瓜(Luffa cylindrica)、西红柿(Lycopersicon esculentum)、南瓜(Cucurbita moschata duchesne)、苦瓜(Balsam pear)和辣椒(Capsicum annuum),除了茄子和南瓜外,其余农作物可食部分的汞含量都高于国家《食品安全国家标准》。综上所述,铜仁汞矿开采和冶炼带来的汞污染已严重影响周边生态环境和食品安全,矿区汞污染不容忽视。

Tongren mercury mine located in Yun-chang-ping town,Bijiang district,Tongren City. It used to be one of the largest mercury mines at Guizhou province. With an aim to investigate the characteristics of mercury pollution in Tongren mercury mining area,we collected the air,water,calcine,soil and crop samples to analyze the concentration of mercury in samples. The results showed that the total gaseous mercury（ TGM） concentrations ranged from7. 29 to 138. 9 ng·m^-3（ with an average of 57. 4 ng·m^-3,the total mercury（ THg） concentrations in surface waters ranged from 81. 59 to 4. 25 × 10^3ng·L^-1,the THg contents in calcines ranged from 2. 79 to 510 mg·kg^-1 and theTHg contents in soils ranged from 3. 06 to 2. 92 × 10^3mg·kg^-1. All the samples had the mercury concentration exceeded the control site or national environmental standards. Totally 10 crops including corn（ Zea mays L）,sorghum（ Chinese sorghum）,jujube（ Ziziphus jujuba Mill）,pear（ Pyrus spp）,eggplant（ Solanum melongena）,gourd（ Luffa cylindrica）,tomato（ Lycopersicon esculentum）,pumpkin（ Cucurbita moschata duchesne）,bitter gourd（ Balsam pear） and pepper（ Capsicum annuum） were collected for mercury analysis. With the exceptions of eggplant and pumpkin,mercury concentrations in edible sections of crops exceeded national food safety standard.In summary,Hg mining and retorting activities have resulted in serious Hg pollution at local environment and affected the food safety in the study area. Mercury pollution of Tongren Hg mine shouldn＇t be ignored.