旱地小麦深施磷肥对群体动态及产量形成的影响

Effect of deep application of phosphorus fertilizer on population dynamics and yield components of dryland wheat

为探索旱地小麦磷肥施用技术,采用大田试验研究不同施磷量条件下不同施磷深度对旱地小麦群体动态及产量形成的影响。结果表明:增加施磷量,各生育时期群体分蘖数增加,成熟期穗数显著提高,花后0~10d、15~25d籽粒灌浆速率增加,千粒重提高,且40cm深度施磷较20cm深度的对冬前分蘖有较大的调节效应,提高了灌浆前期(花后10~15d)籽粒千粒重积累速率,显著提高了穗数和穗粒数。增加施磷量,各生育时期植株干物质量增加,产量和水分利用效率显著提高,且40cm深度施高磷明显促进生育后期干物质积累,显著提高了产量和水分利用效率。总之,旱地小麦40cm深度配施150kg·hm^(-2)磷肥有利于构建合理群体,且主要通过穗数和穗粒数的提高实现增产。

In order to explore the technology on application phosphorus fertilizer of dryland wheat,field test was carried out to study the effect of different application depth under different phosphorus application on population dynamics and yield components of dryland wheat.The results indicated that：Increasing the amount of phosphorus,the groups tiller number at different growth stages increased and spike number improved significantly at maturity stage.The grain filling rate of 0-10 days and 15-25 days after anthesis and 1000-grain weight also increased.Compared to 20 cm depth phosphorus,the 40 cm depth phosphorus prompted the tiller number before winter much more.It also improved the grain 1000-grain weight accumulation rate in early filling stage（10-15 days after anthesis）,spike number and grain number per spike improved significantly.Increasing the amount of phosphorus,dry matter at different growth stages increased;yield and water use efficiency increased significantly.40 cm depth application of high phosphorus promoted dry matter accumulation in later growth period obviously.It also improved yield and water use efficiency notably.In conclusion,40 cm depth application of 150kg·hm-（-2） phosphorus fertilizer was beneficial to build a reasonable community and improved the yield by increasing spike number and grain number per spike.