土家语的被动句及其语法化过程

Passive Voice Sentence and Its Grammaticalization Process in Tujia Language

土家语具有比较典型的被动句。土家语被动句的形成过程包括实词语法化和构式语法化两种现象。实义动词to^(21)"需要"和tiε^(21)"呼喊"的词义抽象化引起句式结构的变化,在从兼语式演变为被动式的构式语法化过程中,表致使义的动词to^(21)和tiε^(21)进一步语法化为介引施事者的介词。

Tujia Language has typical passive voice sentences,the formation process of which consists of notional grammaticalization and construction grammar. The meaning abstraction of notional verbs such as to^（21）（ need） andtiε^（21）（ call＇） leads to the change of sentence construction. In the process of construction grammar,the causative verbs to^（21） and tiε^（21） are further grammaticalized into prepositions to introduce agents.