15～16世纪基督教希伯来学的兴起与发展

The Rise and Development of Christian Hebraism from the 15^(th) to the 16^(th) Century

从15世纪上半叶开始,以波焦、曼内蒂和皮科为代表的意大利人文主义者,在复兴古典文化的过程中,积极学习希伯来语,研究《希伯来圣经》,并利用犹太教神秘主义喀巴拉的方法阐释基督教教义和人的尊严,开启了基督教希伯来学的序幕。随着人文主义思潮越过阿尔卑斯山北传,基督教希伯来学的重心也由意大利转移到欧洲北部。在宗教改革爆发之后,一方面,新教学者利用希伯来学抨击天主教的传统教义和构建新教神学理论;另一方面,天主教也利用希伯来学作为内在革新和外在排除异己的工具,在双方的共同推动下,基督教希伯来学最终在16世纪发展成为西欧备受瞩目的学术运动。

In the first half of the 15th century, several Italian humanists such as Poggio, Manetti, Pico started ChristianHebraism through research on Hebrew language, Hebrew Bible, and interpreting Christian doctrine and human＇sdignity with Jewish mysticism Kabhalah. The center of Christian Hebraism transferred from Italy to north Europe withhumanism at the end of 15th Century. During the Reformation period, the Protestant scholars used Christian Hebraismto attack Catholicism and construct Protestant theology. On the other side, the Catholic Church also utilized ChristianHebraism with its reform and apologetics. With promotions of two sides, the Christian Hebraism developed into anacademic movement in 16th century.