英格兰骑士役保有制的演变及其废除

Evolution and Abolition of Knight-service in England

骑士役保有制是西欧中世纪封建制度中最主要、最典型的封建土地保有制度。在该制度下,封君与封臣对同一块骑士领都有各自的土地权利,并且他们各自的权利都受到法律的保护。在几个世纪的发展中,骑士领的实际占有者骑士役封臣逐步获得了土地的继承权、转让权与大部分的自由处置权,对骑士领的土地权利逐渐向私有权靠近;同时,保有骑士领的阶层也在不断扩大,他们对土地私有化的需求与行动力在持续增强。在英格兰内战爆发初期,骑士役保有制终于被彻底废除,私人土地产权得以在英格兰初步确立。

Knight-service was the most important and typical fedual land tenure. Under such tenure, the lord and the vassal had their respective right to the same fief, and all their respective right had been protected by the law. The actual occupant of the fief- vassal obtained the land right of inheritance, transfer and the major free disposition gradually in the several century, their right was similar to the private ownership. At the same time, the class which had the fief became extended, their demands and motives also continued to increase for land privatization. Knight-service had been abolished in the early stage of the civil war of England, private property right of land was preliminary established.