女性前发际线的临床研究

The clinical study of anterior hairline in females

目的:测量正常女性及女性雄激素性秃发(AGA)患者前发际线形态及位置,为诊断异常前发际线和重建正常前发际线提供理论依据。方法:将740例正常女性及98例女性AGA患者按年龄分组,观察和测量前发际线形态、位置及体重指数(BMI)值,并询问其脱发家族史。结果:女性前发际线形态主要有M型、矩型、圆型、三角型及不规则型,其中矩型发际线最多见(39.5%)。正常女性和AGA患者前发际线平均高度比较,差异无统计学意义,均值为(64.23±0.49)mm。前发际线宽度按大小排列依次为M型(145.34 mm)、不规则型(145.27 mm)、矩型(139.89 mm)、圆型(137.34 mm)及三角型(125.92 mm),其中不规则型与M型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。前发际线美人尖的大小有形态依赖性,M型及三角型前发际线美人尖的宽度和高度均大于矩型发际线(P均<0.05)。AGA患者家族史阳性率(65.3%)明显高于正常女性(28.5%),BMI值与前发际线形态及位置无相关性。结论:女性前发际线形态与年龄、BMI值、脱发家族史及是否伴有AGA无相关性,而前发际线宽度与形态相关;随着年龄的增长前发际线前缘有后退。

Objective： To measure the shape and location of anterior hairline（AH） in females with or without androgenetic alopecia （AGA） in order to provide a rationale for the diagnosis of abnormal hairline and the reconstruction of normal AH. Methods： Seven hundred and forty healthy females and 98 females with AGA were divided into different age groups. The shape and height of anterior hairline, and BMI were measured in addition to document the family history of alopecia. Results： There were five hairline shapes, including M-shaped, rectangular, round, triangular and irregular shape. The rectangular type was the most common（39.5%）. The height of AH was no significant difference between normal and AGA（64.23±0.49 mm）. The widths of AH arranged in order from largest to smallest in size were M-shaped（145.34 mm）, irregular（145.27 mm）, rectangular（139.89 mm）, round（137.34 mm） and triangular shape（125.92 mm）. There were no differences in the size between M-shaped and irregular shape （P〉0.05）. The mean dimensions of the widow＇s peak varied with the shapes. The width and height of the widow＇s peak in both M-shaped and triangular shape were greater than those in rectangular shape（all P〈0.05）. The positive rate of family hair loss history in females with AGA was higher than that in healthy females（65.3% vs. 28.5%）. BMI did not affect the shape and location of AH. Conclusions： The AH shape has no correlation with age, BMI, family hair loss historic and AGA. The width of AH is associated with the shape. The front edge of the AH in females moves backward as aging progresses.