中国种植业地理集聚:行业特征、专业分工与时空演变

Geographic concentration of China's crop industry: Characteristics,specialization,and the spatial and temporal evolution

随着工业化、城镇化的加快,农业生产活动的空间集聚效应对现代农业经济发展的作用更加凸显,因此,了解中国农业地理集聚状况及其演变规律尤为重要。本文利用克鲁格曼指数和区位熵指数考察了1978-2012年间中国29个省(市、区)20种农作物的区域分工、专业化水平及演变规律,并结合全局和局部Moran’s I指数分析了中国省域农作物的空间关联性。研究结果表明:从专业分工角度来看,中国农业种植结构差异性逐渐增强,各地区农作物的专业化水平随时间不断变化,同时各作物种植优势地区存在不同程度地转移;从集聚分布情况来看,中国绝大多数农作物都存在显著的空间关联性,在时空与地理两种不同的关联路径下,农作物空间关联性存在较明显的差异,前者能反映出作物空间关联性的动态变化。

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the geographic concentration of agricultural production activities in China has played a critical role in the agricultural industry. To understand the geographic concentration of the crop industry in China, this paper examined the spatial relationship among different provinces for different crops by calculating the division of labors, the industry specialization levels, and the global and local Moran＇s I index of 20 crops in China from 1978 to 2012. Results show that the structural difference of China＇s crop industry in different regions become bigger, and specialization level of crops has been changing. Besides, privileged areas for certain crops has been moving in varying degrees. The analysis also confirmed that significant spatial autocorrelation exists among a vast majority of crops. In particular, we found that spatial autocorrelation of crops differ in temporal-spatial and geographical relation paths, the former presents a more obvious dynamic change of spatial autocorrelation of crops.