不同地区家庭食品需求的异质性分析——基于QUAIDS模型分析

Heterogeneity analysis on household food demand among different regions by QUAIDS model

消费是推动国家经济发展的三驾马车之一,而食品消费则是消费问题中最基本同时也是最重要的问题。基于实地调研,分析城镇和农村地区家庭食品需求和外出就餐情况,采用QUAIDS模型,探讨家庭食品需求的异质性。结果表明,东南地区家庭食品支出金额最高,为2 469.62元/月,江南地区次之,西北地区最低,为1 588.95元/月;其外出就餐支出与在家就餐支出之比分别为0.35、0.42和0.78。人均外出就餐已经占到全部就餐次数的1/5-1/4,并且每增加1次中式快餐消费,肉食类食品支出份额将增加0.19%,蔬果类食品支出份额将减少0.14%。各个地区横向比较结果表明,随着地理位置的南移,肉食类食品支出份额逐渐增加,蔬果类支出份额则减少:东南地区肉食类支出份额最高,为0.58,蔬果类支出份额最低,仅0.21;西北地区的肉食类支出份额最低,为0.36,蔬果类支出份额最高,为0.37。支出和价格变动对于各类食品需求的影响也存在和地理位置一致的趋势性,因此在决定生产和制定政策时应该考虑到地区差异性。

Food consumption is a critical component in consumption while consumption is one of the three main boosting forces for economic development. Based on the survey data in urban and rural areas, this paper examined the dining-out and household food demand situations and also analyzed the heterogeneity of household food demand among different regions by the QUAIDS model. Results show that 1） households in the southeast areas spend most on food at home with 2 469.62 yuan per month, followed by households in the south of the Yangtze River and northwest regions; while the ratios of expenditure on food-away-from-home and food-at-home are 0.35, 0.42 and 0.78 respectively; 2） the average number of dining-out accounts for 1/5-1/4 in total dining number; 3） the budget share of meat increases by 0.19% and the budget share of vegetables and fruits decreases by 0.14% if consuming one more time of Chinese fast-food away from home; 4） across different regions, the ratio of meat in total food demand increases as moving towards the south while the ratio of vegetables and fruits shows the opposite result; and 5） the southeast area shows the highest budget share of meat （0.58） and the lowest budget share of vegetables and fruits （0.21）, while the northwest area shows the opposite with the lowest budget share of meat （0.36） and the highest budget share of vegetables and fruits （0.37）. The impact of expenditure and price changes on the demand of different kinds of food also corresponds to the geographic locations. Therefore area heterogeneity should be considered in production and policy making.