有机物料不同配比堆肥过程的差异分析

Effect of organic materials with different proportions on composting process

为了促进当地农业有机废弃物资源的循环利用,以牛粪、猪粪和鸡粪等为堆肥的主要原料,在协调所有处理的碳氮比相同和添加EM菌液的条件下进行堆肥试验,分析有机物料的不同配比在堆肥过程中的温度、p H、EC、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和发芽指数的变化趋势,比较不同处理堆肥前后养分含量的差异。结果表明,牛粪—鸡粪—谷壳处理的升温最快,高温阶段温度基本上维持在70℃上下,堆肥前后氮素损失率最大为22.8%,而猪粪—食用菌渣—鸡粪处理的高温阶段温度低于65℃,氮素损失率最小为3.47%,发芽指数在堆肥进行20 d就达到了52%,堆肥腐熟快于其他处理,但是在堆肥32 d后,所有处理的p H在7.7-8.5之间,满足堆肥腐熟后呈弱碱性的要求,发芽指数在80%左右,基本上达到了有机肥完全腐熟的标准。研究表明堆肥32 d后可以完全腐熟;但合理的配比,同时调节其通风性,控制堆体温度在45-65℃之间,可减少氮素损失,提高有机物料堆肥的效果。

To promote the re-utilization of the local agricultural organic solid waste resources we used cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure as the main composting materials, and set up different treatments to crry out a compost experiment with the same ratio of carbon to nitrogen and the addition of the EM bacteria liquid agent. We analyzed the temporal dynamics of temperature, pH, EC, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and germination index during the composting process, and compared the nutrient contents of the treatments before and after composting. The results showed that the cow-chicken-rice husk treatment warmed the fastest with the composting temperature maintained at approximately 70 ~C in the high-temperature phase, up to 22.8% of nitrogen lost after composting. The pig-mushroom residue-chicken treatment held composting temperature below 65 ℃in the high-temperature phase, lost 3.47% of nitrogen, and resulted in a germination index of 52% on 20 d during composting. This treatment had its composting maturity faster than other treatments. With the different proportions of organic materials composted after 32 d, all treatments had their pH being in the range of 7.7 to 8.5 and met the basic requirements of organic fertilizer standards, of which pH is in the weak-alkaline category and the germination index is approximately 80%. Our findings showed that the agricultural organic solid wastes can be completely decomposed via composting after 32 d. While we need to coordinate the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the different organic materials to ensure a reasonable threshold for adjusting ventilation, controlling composting temperature of pile bodies at 45-65 ℃. Such a desirable composting procedure can reduce nitrogen loss and improve composting maturity.