西安市雾霾时空分布特征研究

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of fog and haze in Xi'an

通过对西安市雾霾时空分布特征的分析,为认识雾霾成因和采取有效的治理措施提供理论依据。利用2013—2015年西安市13个监测站的雾霾天气污染物监测资料和中国环境监测总站的月空气质量状况报告,采用统计方法分析西安市雾霾天气的时空分布特征。结果发现:时间上,西安市雾霾天气呈现明显的季节性变化规律,持续时间较长,雾霾在冬、春季交际时最严重,其中11月至翌年3月期间PM2.5空气质量指数为严重污染;空间上,西安市北部区域雾霾污染程度比南部区域严重,西部区域雾霾污染程度比东部区域严重,市区雾霾污染程度比郊区严重。通过相关分析,进一步揭示不同污染物对PM2.5的影响程度,说明PM2.5与PM10存在较强的正相关关系,与O3呈负相关关系。

This paper provided reference to understand the formation cause and to adopt effective control measures of fog and haze,analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of fog and haze. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of fog and haze were analyzed using the fog and haze surface observed data from thirteen stations and monthly air quality condition report of China National Environmental Monitoring Centre in Xi＇an from 2013 to 2015 by statistic analysis methods. The results showed that fog and haze had obvious seasonal variation. Fog and haze mainly appeared in spring and winter, sustained over long periods of time. During fog and haze occurrence, the most serious pollution exceeded air quality index of PM2.5 from November to next March. On the analysis of spatial distribution,the pollution of fog and haze in the northern part of Xi ＇ an was more serious than that in the south, the pollution in the west was more serious than that in the east,and the pollution in urban district was more serious than that in suburban district. The correlation analysis revealed the impact of different pollutants on PM2.5. The results showed that PM2.5 was significantly correlated to PM10 ,and negatively correlated with 03.