天津市滨海新区夏季挥发性有机物的污染特征分析

Pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the summer of Binhai New Aera,Tianjin

对天津市滨海新区夏季挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行在线观测,分析其夏季污染特征。结果表明:83种检出VOCs平均质量浓度为288.14μg/m3,各类化合物浓度贡献排序为烷烃(39.8%)>卤代链烃(26.5%)>芳香烃(13.9%)>烯烃(13.1%)>炔烃(4.4%)>卤代芳香烃(2.3%),各组分中浓度最高的为正丁烷和正戊烷,占VOCs比例高达8.1%和7.0%;苯和甲苯也有相当含量,平均质量浓度均超过7μg/m3,分别占VOCs的2.5%和2.4%。天津市滨海新区VOCs日变化呈单谷型,与交通早晚高峰关系不大,苯/甲苯(体积比)为1.32,说明化石工业排放等对天津市滨海新区大气中VOCs影响较机动车尾气显著。聚类分析发现,天津市滨海新区VOCs来源分为3类,一类是汽油挥发和液化石油气、天然气泄漏,一类是化石工业和其他工业生产过程排放,一类是机动车尾气及植物排放,其中前两类为主要来源。

To study the characteristics of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） ,an online monitoring was conducted in the summer of Binhai New Aera, Tianjin. It showed that the average concentration of detected 83 VOCs was 288.14 μg/m3 and the content order was alkanes （39.8%） 〉 halogenated chain hydrocarbons （26.5%） 〉 aromatics （ 13.9 % ） 〉 alkenes （ 13.1% ） 〉 alkyne （4.4 % ） 〉 halogenated aromatics （2.3 % ）, of which n-butane and n-pentane were the most abundant compounds which accounted for 8.1% and 7.0 % of total VOCs, respectively. Besides, both benzene and toluene were over 7μg/m3 , accounting for 2.6% and 2.5% of the total VOCs. The daily concentration variation of VOCs was one valley showing that there was little relationship to vehicle emissions in rush hours. And the benzene/toluene ratio was 1.32 which also showed that petrochemical industry emissions contributed more of the VOCs than the vehicle emissions. Cluster analysis showed that there were three sources of the VOCs in the Binhai New Aera： one was the volatile of liquid petroleum gas （LPG） and gasoline, leakage of oil and natural gas, the sec- ond was petrochemical and other industrial emissions and the third was vehicle and plant emissions, of which the first two were the main sources.