高速公路隔断对农田大型土壤动物多样性的影响——以京哈高速公路德惠路段为例

Effect of the highway partition on soil macro- fauna diversity:a case study on Dehui section in Beijing- Harbin Highway

[目的]为明确高速公路旁农田大型土壤动物群落组成和多样性,2013年5、8和10月对京哈高速公路德惠段路域南侧和北侧农田大型土壤动物群落组成、多样性和与环境因子的关系进行研究。[方法]对距离高速公路两侧不同样点5、20、100、200、400、800和1 600 m的大型土壤动物进行手拣法采集和实体显微镜鉴定,采用多样性和相似性指数以及典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis,CCA)排序对数据进行统计分析。[结果]本研究共捕获大型土壤动物3 091只,隶属6纲9目13科。链胃科、正蚓科、线蚓科和东京弓背蚁是高速公路两侧的共有优势类群。高速公路两侧土壤动物多样性在样点和季节间存在显著差异。高速公路两侧800和1 600 m样点大型土壤动物群落相似性最高。典范对应分析研究表明,降水量、土壤含水量和土壤有机质含量是影响高速公路两侧大型土壤动物群落的主要环境因子。[结论]高速公路两侧农田大型土壤动物的多样性并不完全是随着距高速公路距离的增加而呈现增大的趋势。高速公路两侧农田大型土壤动物多样性存在季节性差异,主要原因与人为干扰、环境污染和气候因素有关。

[Objectives]In the present study,an investigation of the composition,structure and diversity of the soil macro-fauna was conducted in the Beijing-Harbin Highway in Dehui city region. [Methods]Sampling sites of 5,20,100,200,400,800 and 1 600 m away from the highway region were conducted on both sides of the highway（ the north and south） in May,August and October 2013.Soil macrofauna were collected up by hand picking method followed up with identification by microscope,diversity and similarity index and canonical correspondence analysis ordering of data for statistical analysis. [Results]The results showed that we collected3 091 individuals belonging to 6 classes,9 orders,13 families. Moniligastridae,Enchytraeidae,Lumbricidae and Camponotus tokioensis were the most dominant groups on both sides of the highway. The results from the repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant sampling sites and sampling period influence on the soil fauna diversity on both sides of the highway（ P 0. 05）. The similarities of soil macro-fauna community between 800 and 1 600 m sampling sites were higher than the other sampling sites on both side of the highway. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed that the soil macro-fauna diversity was significantly correlated with precipitation,soil water content and soil organic matter on both sides of the highway. [Conclusions]Our results illustrate that the soil macro-fauna diversity did not increase with increasement of the distance away from highway. Soil macro-fauna diversity showed seasonal differences. The mechanism could be explained by human disturbance,environmental pollution and climatic factors.