脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对雏鸡脂质过氧化反应及脑部形态结构的影响

Effects of deoxynivalenol on lipid peroxidation reaction and brain morphology in chicken

[目的]本试验旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)对雏鸡脑组织形态结构、血清及脑组织中氧化与抗氧化指标的影响,探讨DON的神经毒理作用。[方法]选取120只健康的1日龄海兰蛋雏公鸡,预饲1周后,按单因素试验设计,随机分成4组,每组30只。对照组和试验组饲喂相同的全价饲料,试验组中的低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组按采食量分别添加0.27、1.68和12.21 mg·kg-1剂量的DON灌胃染毒,对照组灌服等量的生理盐水,试验从第8天开始,每隔7 d染毒1次,共染毒5次。试验期为36 d。试验结束时,所有雏鸡经翅下静脉采血,分离血清,用于测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量等指标;同时每组随机剖杀20只鸡,迅速取脑组织,一部分用于观察脑组织的病理变化及神经细胞的超微结构,另一部分用于测定氧化与抗氧化指标。[结果]与对照组相比,试验组雏鸡血清CAT、SOD和脑组织SOD、GSH-Px活性及NO含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组雏鸡血清MDA和高剂量组脑组织MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05),中剂量组和高剂量组血清T-AOC、GSH-Px和脑组织CAT活性及NO含量显著降低(P<0.05),高剂量组脑组织T-AOC活性显著降低(P<0.05);DON可引起试验组雏鸡脑组织产生不同程度的噬神经现象,并伴随部分神经纤维断裂;大脑皮质超微结构显示,随着染毒剂量的增加,试验组鸡脑组织神经元胞体出现不同程度的变性,且与剂量呈正相关。[结论]DON可引起雏鸡血清及脑组织脂质过氧化反应,造成脑组织不同程度损伤,即DON可对雏鸡产生一定的神经毒性。

[Objectives]The aims of this experiment was to study the nerve toxicological effects of chicken induced by deoxynivalenol（ DON）,through the changes of brain issue morphology and the indexes of oxidase and antioxidase in sera and brain issues of chicken.[Methods]After feeding a week,120 Hailan chickens（ male,1 day old） were selected and randomly divided into four groups and 30 chickens of each,according to single factor experiment design. Chickens in control and treatment groups were fed with the same full price diets. Chicken in low,medium and high dose groups were orally gavaged with DON solution with 0.27,1.68 and 12.21 mg·kg-1according to the feed intake,respectively. Chickens in control group were orally gavaged with the same dose of sodium chloride solution.The trial was conducted for 36 days. All chickens in treatment group were gavaged with DON once every seven day,a total of 5 times.At the end of the trial,the blood samples were collected via wing vein and the sera were separated for measuring activities of catalase（ CAT）,superoxide dismutase（ SOD）,total antioxidant capacity（ T-AOC）,glutathione peroxidase（ GSH-Px）,and contents of malondialdehyde（ MDA）,nitric oxide（ NO）. At the same time,20 chickens from each group were slaughtered,and the brain tissues were collected immediately,one part was used to observe the changes of pathology and ultrastructure,the other part was used to measure the indexes of oxidase and antioxidase. [Results]Compared with the control group,the activities of CAT,NO,SOD in sera and SOD,GSH-Px in brain tissues significantly decreased（ P〈0.05） in treatment groups,the contents of serum MDA in three treatment groups and brain tissue MDA in high dose group significantly increased（ P〈0.05）,the activities of serum T-AOC,GSH-Px and brain tissue CAT,and the contents of NO in medium and high dose groups significantly decreased（ P〈0.05）,and the activities of brain T-AOC in highdose group significantly decreased（ P〈0.05）. DON could trigger the neuronophagia with varying degrees in treatment groups,accompanied with part of the nerve fiber breakage. The degrees of degeneration in neurons cell increased with increasing DON concentration through the ultrastructure of cerebral cortex. [Conclusions]DON can cause the lipid peroxidation reaction in serum and brain tissue,resulting in varying degrees of brain damage in chickens. It suggests that DON has some neurotoxic effects to the chicken.