天津8～10岁肥胖男童精细动作发展特点分析

Fine motor skill of 8-10 year-old obese children

目的了解8-10岁男性儿童精细动作能力随年龄增长的变化特点,为针对性改善肥胖儿童的运动能力和心理健康提供科学的理论依据。方法选取天津市北辰区办学规模相当的2所普通小学的252名8-10岁男性儿童参加本研究,按照体质量指数（BMI）分为肥胖组（126人,8,9,10岁各42人）和正常体重组（126人,8,9,10岁各42人）。所有受试者均进行插入钢针和移动钢针测试以评定其精细动作能力。结果正常体重组中,不同年龄段儿童移动钢针时间差异有统计学意义（P=0.019）,插钢针时间的差异无统计学意义（P=0.068）,正常体重儿童的精细动作能力随年龄增长呈增加趋势。在肥胖组中,不同年龄段肥胖儿童插钢针（P=0.574）和移钢针时间（P=0.502）差异无统计学意义。同年龄肥胖组与正常组比较,3个年龄段肥胖组儿童插入钢针时间和移动钢针时间均慢于正常体重组（P值均〈0.05）。结论 8-10岁正常体重儿童的精细动作发展表现为随年龄增长而提高,肥胖儿童的精细动作发展较慢,未表现随年龄增长的特点。和同龄正常体重儿童相比,肥胖儿童的精细动作能力全面落后。

Objective To compare fine motor skill among obese and normal weight children. Methods A total of 252 male children aged 8-10 years participate in the study. According to BMI, they were divided into obese group（ n = 126） and normal weight group（ n = 126）. All the participants received inserting and moving needle test. Results In normal weight group, time for moving needle were of significant difference by age（ P = 0. 019）, while the time for inserting needle had no age differences（ P =0.068）. Fine motor skill increased with age among normal weight children. In obese group, there were no significant difference in time for inserting steel with age（ P = 0.574） and steel time（ P = 0.502）. Obese children spent more time in inserting and mobile steel than normal weight peers at same age. Conclusion Fine motor development among normal weight children aged 8-10 years shows increasing trend with age and might be better than obese peers.