学生营养改善计划地区2012和2013年不同供餐模式学校能量营养素供应情况比较

Comparison of dietary nutrients of Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students between different catering models

目的评价和比较2012年和2013年我国"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(以下简称"农村学生营养改善计划")不同供餐模式学生餐的营养素供应情况,为开展营养干预措施提供依据。方法采用称重记账法对2012年3 910所和2013年5 523所实施"农村学生营养改善计划"的学校食堂食物供应情况进行调查。结果实施"农村学生营养改善计划"1 a后,食堂供餐学校的能量、蛋白质、维生素A、维生素C、钙、铁、锌均高于2012年(Z值分别为-4.059,-2.665,-6.051,-2.387,-2.660,-3.900,-3.888,P值均<0.05),企业供餐学校的蛋白质、钙和锌人均供应量均高于2012年(Z值分别为-2.797,-7.048,-6.013,P值均<0.01)。采用多水平混合效应模型分析发现,食堂供餐模式学校的人均膳食能量、维生素A、维生素C和铁供应量均高于企业供餐学校,分别高196.20 kcal,84.42μg RE,29.17 mg和3.65 mg;但企业供餐模式学校的人均钙和锌供应量高于食堂供餐学校,分别高246.56 mg和2.72 mg,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论实施"农村学生营养改善计划"1 a后,学校的人均能量和营养素供应情况普遍提高,且存在供餐模式间的差异。各学校应结合自身情况,因地制宜地选择供餐模式和供餐食物。

Objective To evaluate and compare the dietary nutrients of different catering modes in schools covered by the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students（ NNIPRCES）, and to provide reference for nutritional preventions. Methods The food supply of 3 910 and 5 523 NNIPRCES schools were collected and compared respectively in2012 and 2013. The school meals were assessed by weighed food records. Results After one-year implementation of NNIPRCES,the average dietary supplies of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc in school feeding mode（ Z =-4.059,-2.665,-6.051,-2.387,-2.660,-3.900,-3.888,P〈0.01）, and the average dietary supplies of protein, calcium and zinc in food package mode（ Z =-2.798,-7.048,-6.013,P〈0.01） were significantly increased. Analysis based on the Mixed-effects Model reveals that the average dietary supplies of energy, vitamin A, vitamin C and iron in school feeding mode were respectively 196. 20 kcal, 84.42 μg RE, 29.17 mg and 3.65 mg higher than those in food package mode, while the average dietary supplies of calcium and zinc in food package mode were respectively 246.56 mg and 2.72 mg higher than those in school feeding mode, differences were significant（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion After one-year implementation of NNIPRCES, the dietary energy and nutrients supplies of school feeding mode have been greatly improved, and significant differences can be found in feeding modes, thus, schools should exploit their own resources to choose the appropriate feeding modes and food.