乳腺导管内原位癌的诊疗

The diagnosis and treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ

正确认识和诊治乳腺导管内原位癌（DCIS）对控制乳腺癌的发生发展有着重要作用。检查方面，乳腺超声一般作为筛查工具而被广泛应用，再通过乳腺钼靶进一步明确诊断，而血清免疫学检查也有助于早期发现DCIS。治疗方面，最恰当的手术治疗方式仍不明确，普遍认同的是术后辅助个体化的放疗，ER阳性患者进行相应的内分泌治疗以减少复发。DCIS进展成为浸润性癌中有许多基因蛋白的表达改变，有待深入研究。

Accurate knowledge, diagnosis and treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ（ DCIS）, are crucial in controlling the development of breast cancer. In the diagnosis phase, breast ultrasound is commonly used as a screening tool, and a clear diagnosis can be made by mammography. Meanwhile, serological tests contribute to the detection of DCIS in early stages. In the treatment, the optimal surgical operation method remains debatable. It is widely acknowledged that the radiotherapy of postoperative patients should become more individualized. In addition, corresponding endocrine therapy helps those ER positive patients to reduce the recurrence. In the development of DCIS to invasive cancer, there are changes in gene and protein expressions, which may be a potential direction for further research.