国家起源与早期国家形态

The Origin of State and the Early Types of State

国家起源和早期国家形态的问题是相互紧密联系在一起的老课题,也是社会科学领域中迄今为止没有得到圆满解决的老大难课题。至少在两千多年以前,一些处在已经形成的国家之中的有心人,面对不同的国家形态,就试图对这类问题加以解答,比如古希腊的柏拉图、亚里士多德、波里比乌斯,古罗马的西塞罗,古代印度的释迦牟尼、希伯来的先知等等。启蒙时代以来,西方学者对此更是进行过无以数计的讨论,提出了不少假设,形成了不同的解释体系,然而却没有一种假设得到学界的普遍认同。究其原因,无非是有关的一手史料匮乏,极端缺乏当事人或目击者的在场记录。

The origin of state and the early types of state are old topics,which has not been solved completely yet. At least 2000 years ago,some ancient intellectuals such as Plato,Aristotle,Polybius,Cicero,Sakyamuni and abdias etc. tried to explain these kind of issues in the face of different type of state. Since the age of Enlightenment,Western scholars discussed this question a lot,they put forward many hypotheses and formed various interpretative systems. However,until so far there isn＇ t general consensus which resulted from deficiency of relative primary sources,and extreme lack of present records of the parties concerned.The author tries to analyze the type of state on the basis of the achievements of Western scholars and put forward some hypotheses.