北票市2014~2015年农村环境卫生监测结果分析

Surveillance result analysis of environmental hygiene in villages in Beipiao city from 2014 to 2015

目的了解和掌握北票市的农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平及动态变化,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,反映我国农村环境卫生综合整治工作成果,为制订农村环境卫生规划提供科学依据。方法选取本市2014~2015年10个乡镇的40个行政村共200户家庭作为监测户,同时在所选乡镇选择19所学校,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法获得监测数据。结果 40个村中,饮用自来水的人口占73.1%;生活污水随意排放者占98.0%,2%的污水排入河流;垃圾主要包括生活垃圾和养殖业垃圾,无工业垃圾;收集方式中,92.5%为定点堆放,3.0%为随意堆放;开展灭鼠、灭蚊蝇、灭蟑螂工作的村占7.5%。19所学校共抽检186个教室,21个教室人均面积不符合卫生标准,33间教室前排课桌前缘与黑板的最小距离不符合卫生标准,70间教室的灯管不与黑板垂直,46间教室的玻地比小于1：6。40份土壤样本中,蛔虫卵阳性检出率为67.5%,其中活卵检出率22.5%;p H值、铅、铬都在国家标准范围之内;2.5%的样本镉超过国家二级标准,但在三级标准范围之内,其余样品镉检测值均在国家二级标准范围之内。200户农户中,65%是卫生厕所,56%不使用农药。98%的农户室内有苍蝇;95%农户都有猪圈,鸡、鸭、鹅圈以及柴草垛。结论本市农村仍存在自来水普及率偏低、卫生厕所使用率偏低、村民粪便的无害化处理意识不强以及病媒生物防控工作开展滞后等问题。

Objective To understand and master the level and dynamic changes of damage factors of the environmental hygiene health care in villages in Beipiao city and evaluate the environmental hygiene in villages so as to reflect the achievements of comprehensive management of the environmental hygiene in villages and provide scientific evidence for making scheme of environmental hygiene in villages. Methods 200 families from 40 administrative villages in 10 counties from 2014 to 2015 in our city were selected as the surveillance subjects and at the same time,19 schools in the chosen counties were also selected.The surveillance data was obtained by searching materials,interviewing,on-site observation,and laboratory detection. Results In the 40 counties,73.1% of the population drank tap water,98.0% of the population discharged the sewage casually and 2% sewage went into the river.Garbage mainly included domestic garbage and livestock breeding waste,no industrial waste.About the collection,92.5% garbage were put on a fixed point,3.0% were put casually.7.5% villages had the project of wiping out the mice,mosquito,flies and cockroaches.186 classrooms were sampled from the 19 school and 21 classrooms had unqualified hygiene of per capita area of the classroom and 33 classrooms had unqualified hygiene of minimum distance from the anterior edge of the front desks to the blackboard,the lamp tube was not in vertical with the blackboard in 70 classrooms,and the ratio of glasses and the ground was below 1：6 in 46 classrooms.In the 40 soil samples,the positive detective rate of roundworm eggs were 67.5% with the detective rate of live eggs of 22.5%.The p H value,lead value and chromium value was all within the standard range.The chromium value of 2.5% samples was above the National Grade Ⅱ standard and within the National Grade Ⅲstandard and the value of chromium of the rest samples was within the National Grade Ⅱ standard.About the 400 families,65% had sanitary washrooms,56% families did not use the pesticide,98% families had flies in the room and 95% families had pigpen,pens for chickens,ducks,geese and firewood pile. Conclusion The villages in our city still have the problems of low water supply pervasion,low utility rate of sanitary washrooms,low consciousness of hazard-free treatment of feces and lag of biological vector control and prevention.