抗战后期国际宣传处与美国驻华记者关系的破裂及其原因探析

The Breakup of the International Publicity Office and the American Newsmen in China during the End of the Second Sino-Japanese War

抗战期间,国民政府非常依赖美国对华援助。因此主管对外宣传的国际宣传处将在华美国记者视为他们工作的重中之重。然而,国际宣传处与美国记者群的关系却在1943—1944年迅速走向破裂。他们关系的破裂在一定程度上导致了此后美国政界和舆论对国民政府的不信任及对国民党援助的减少,甚至间接导致了国民党在内战中的失利。本文主要分为两部分,第一部分梳理国际宣传处与美国记者群关系破裂的过程。第二部分逐个分析导致两者关系破裂的四个原因,即美国记者所秉持的新闻自由与国际宣传处宗旨之间的根本冲突,美国与国民党政府之间的利益差异,国民党在与共产党的宣传战中的失利及美国在华记者的一些群体特征。

Since the Kuomintang government greatly relied on the support from the United States duringthe Second Sino-Japanese War, the International Publicity Office （IPO） viewed the American correspondents in China as the main subject of its work. Through they did maintain a good relationship with these reports in the beginning of the war, the relationship between them dramatically broke up in 1943 and 1944. To a certain ex- tent, this led the American government lose faith in the Kuomintang and reduce its assistance for the Chinese government, which indirectly resulted in the Nationalist Party＇s defeatinthe following civil war. This article would be divided into two parts. In the first parts, I will comb through the process of the breakup of them. The second part would dig into the four reasons of the event, namely the conflict between the ideaoffreedom of the press which was upheld by the American reports and the working policy of the IPO, the clash between the inter- ests of the American and the Kuomintang governments, the defeat of the Nationalist Party in their propaganda war with the Communist Party, and finally some group characters of these American journalists in China.