人口安全视野下农业女性化问题研究

Thinking about the Agriculture Feminization from the Perspective of Population Security

本文从人口安全的视野研究农业女性化现象。本文认为,农村剩余劳动力非农转移是农业女性化产生的直接原因,经济利益最大化是农业女性化产生的内在原因,传统的性别观念是农业女性化产生的根本原因,女性劳动力人力资本处于劣势是农业女性化产生的重要原因。农业女性化现象产生以下重要的人口安全问题:一是农村劳动力人口结构中女性居多,不利于农业发展;二是农村人口素质普遍降低,不利于农村发展;三是女性人口的安全与发展受到严重威胁,不利于农村社会稳定;四是农村婚姻破裂和老人失养现象增多,不利于家庭稳定与和谐。为此,要以社会风险的理念和整体的思路治理农业女性化这一现象,加大城乡统筹力度,促进城乡人口结构分布合理;更新理念消除性别歧视,维护农村女性素质发展;强化人口宏观管理,促进城乡人口科学有序流动;改革相关配套制度,保障农村女性安全和发展;构建人口风险预警机制,提高应对人口风险的能力。

In this paper,the agricultural feminization is studied from the perspective of population security. The rural surplus labor force in large scale is an important factor for forming the agricultural feminization,female labor forc e quality at a disadvantage is the root cause of agricultural feminization,the traditional gender concept is an important reason of agricultural feminization. Agricultural feminization brought out important problems of population security as followsd ：First,women is more than men in the structure of the rural labor force,is not conducive to agricultural development;secondly,quality of rural population generally become lower,is not conducive to rural development; thirdly,security and development of the female population is severely threated, is not conducive to social stability in rural areas;fourthly,breakdown of the marriage and the lost of support for old man,is not conducive to family stability and harmony.Therefore,the agricultural feminization must be governed by the concept of social risk and the whole idea,Increace the intensity of balancing urban and rural development,Promote rational distribution of urban and rural population structure;Updated concept to eliminate gender discrimination and maintain the development of rural women＇ quality;Strengthen macro-management of the population, to promote the scientific and orderly flow of urban and rural population;make reform of related systems,in order to protect rurul women＇ development and security;Construction of the population risk warning mechanism,improve the ability to deal with population risks.