为了平等而不平等——从学校向工农开门看新中国的教育平等努力(1949—1965)

Inequalities in the Seeking for Equality——The New China's Pursuit of Educational Equality from the Perspective of School's Opening to Workers and Peasants(1949—1965)

中国共产党自成立起就把争取工农群众受教育权利和受教育机会作为己任。新中国人民民主专政政权的建立,使广大人民获得了平等的受教育权,但是长期以来工农教育劣势却不是自然而然就能改变的。学校向工农开门就是中国共产党为增加工农受教育机会、实现真正的教育平等而做出的一种努力。在实践中,虽然采取了各种优先照顾工农青年、工农子女入学的措施,但是工农入学机会尤其是高等学校入学机会却一直不能与其他群体相比肩。于是,1958年以后学校向工农开门力度进一步加大,并且随着阶级路线的贯彻,一些"剥削阶级"子女接受高等教育机会受到限制。这就使新中国教育平等的价值追求呈现"为了平等而不平等"的特点。

Since the time of establishment, the Chinese Communist Party has taken the responsibility of seeking the right and access to education for the workers and peasants. After the foundation of the People’ s Republic of China, the majority of people get the equal opportunity of accessing to education, but the long time weak position of workers and peasants in educa-tion cannot be changed and improved automatically and naturally. The school’ s opening to workers and peasants was one effort of the Party to increase educational opportunities and to achieve real equality of education. In practice, although various meas-ures were taken to give the young workers and peasants or the children of the workers and peasants the priorities of going to schools, but their enrollments, especially in colleges and universities, were still not reaching the balanced proportions com-pared with those of other groups. Thus, after 1958, the further step of school’s opening to the workers and peasants got prac-ticed. However, with implementation of the Class-Line, the access of the children of the“exploiting class”to higher educa-tion got limited, which makes“ inequalities in the seeking for equality” be the characteristic of new China’ s pursuit of educa-tional equality .