我国消费公益诉讼原告资格研究

Research on Plaintiff Qualification in Consumer Public Interest Litigation in China

消费者相对弱势的地位及消费纠纷的特殊性决定了私益诉讼无法全面保护消费者合法权益,而行政手段的处置也未能有效救济。2012年《民事诉讼法》第55条对公益诉讼制度做出了规定,为消费者权益保护提供了新的路径,但《消费者权益保护法》第47条将消费公益诉讼原告资格赋予"省级以上消费者协会",使得消费公益诉讼难以产生预期效果。在探讨消费公益诉讼原告的种类、范围及关系基础上,提出消费公益诉讼原告资格应按照"扩大有起诉权消费者协会范围到赋予符合法律规定条件的消费者社会团体再到赋予消费者个人以起诉权"的思路逐步推进,行政机关配合法院进行消费公益诉讼的审理和判决执行,检察机关督促怠于行使消费公益诉讼诉权的特定主体行使诉权,必要时提起诉讼,以期更为妥当地保护消费者合法权益。

The comparatively weak position of consumers and the special characteristics of consumer disputes determine that private litigation can not protect the consumer interests comprehensively,and administrative approach can't effectively deal with it as well. The Civil Procedure Law of People's the Republic of China,55( 2012)regulates about public interest litigation,providing new approach for consumer protection,whereas Law on Protection of Rights and Interests of Consumers,47( 2013) stipulates that only consumer protection associations of provincial level or above are entitled to be plaintiff of public interest suits,leaving no room for actual effectiveness. By discussing the category,scope and other relationships with respect to consumer public interest litigation. The future regulations on eligible plaintiff should firstly expand the scope of consumer protection associations eligible to suit,then offer the credibility to private consumer groups as regarded by law,and finally to individual consumers,thus gradually moving forward. The administrative organs should act in accordance with courts specific to the trail and enforcement of consumer public interests litigation,meanwhile the procuratorial body should supervise and urge the specific entities to exercise their litigation rights respectively,proceed when necessary,then the realization of a more proper consumer protection system can be reasonably expected.