社会排斥视角下无家可归者问题探究——基于对上海的实地考察

A Study on Homelessness from the Perspective of Social Exclusion Theory——Based on the Fieldwork in Shanghai

无家可归现象是一种普遍的社会问题。基于社会排斥理论视角,本研究通过对上海市无家可归者的实地考察,从制度性排斥与功能性排斥两个维度揭示了无家可归群体形成的社会机制。研究发现,无家可归实质上是社会失序的一种表现,其根源在于社会排斥。在被排斥过程中,无家可归者遭受了一系列能力剥夺,包括社会连接的断裂、社会参与的不足等,这使得他们长期生活在主流社会的边缘地带。欧美先进国家经验表明,政府要解决无家可归问题,就应该坚持人本主义和发展主义理念,科学合理地构建完善的"国家—社会"无家可归者救助体系。

Homelessness is a widespread social issue. According to the field investigation of the homeless people in Shanghai,this paper reveals the formation mechanism of the homeless group from the perspectives of institutional and functional exclusion based on social exclusion theory. The study has found that homelessness is essentially a breakdown of social order rooted in social exclusion. Being excluded,homeless people suffer from a range of capability deprivation,including social interruption and disruption, lack of social participation and so on. All of these cause the homeless to be marginalized,pushing them away from the mainstream society. Experiences in the western countries suggest that government should construct a scientific and reasonable'state-society'assistance system for the homeless with the idea of humanism.