话语促成的“共谋”——以北京市城中村拆迁为例

Discourse Mechanism and Collusion Behavior: A Case Study on the Demolition Progress of An Urban Village in Beijing

本文以北京市海淀区城中村A为个案,通过考察村民在拆迁过程中与政府的话语互动,探讨其从抵制拆迁到与政府共谋的立场转变过程及其原因。本文认为,国家将城中村拆迁政策的合法性建立在社会发展与城市规划的知识体系之上,形成一套难以反驳的强势话语。基层政府在使用这一套话语的同时,采用多重话语策略推动拆迁计划。村民最初试图以基于故土情结和生计忧虑的"家园"话语抵制拆迁,而后通过生产和传播流言质疑政府的既定拆迁方案和补偿政策。在与政府的直接对话中,村民的话语无法与政府的强势话语相抗衡,只能转变立场,在服从政府决策的前提下,争取巨额经济补偿,而地方政府对此基本默许,以顺利完成拆迁计划,两者实际上已处于共谋关系。村民从抵制拆迁到与政府共谋的立场转变,并非因政府使用了强制手段,而是因为无法对抗政府话语的强势地位。

This article tries to explain how the government has successfully demolished an urban village without the use of force, using discourse analysis. The author argues that the central government legitimized the demolition project with discourses of urban planning and social development,which has been well implemented and verified by the local government. On the contrary,to protect the homeland,the villagers first appealed to the state with a discourse emphasizing their sentiment of sadness and anxiety,and then challenged the demolition policy through constructing and circulating rumors of the resettlement plan and the compensation for demolition. However,the villagers' demands seemed impotent in front of the superiority of the governmental discourse. Finally,the villagers,connived by the local government,agreed to leave when provided with larger amounts of compensation. Arguably,it is the'indisputability'of state's discourse,rather than its force,that formed the state-villagers collusive relationship.