西方电子指导的基本议题与项目实践

E-Mentoring in Western World: Basic Issues and Program Practice

电子指导是一种借助E-Mail等电子通讯技术建立和维系指导关系的新兴指导方式,是传统指导的有益补充。西方电子指导研究起步较早,已经就电子指导的概念界定、优势与风险、项目运营、研究框架等基本议题达成共识。电子指导项目运营涉及计划、结构化和评价三个环节,服务于项目的循环调试。电子指导研究框架基于15项研究议题和概念模型,其中概念模型可以视为一个过程性指导模型、因素分析模型和优劣势对照模型,该模型对项目实践的指导、分析和对照都是围绕这15项研究议题来开展,两者体现出紧密的逻辑关系。我国在电子指导理论和实践方面尚处于萌芽阶段,理论研究应吸纳传统指导的研究成果,明确电子指导的定位,将电子指导行为、电子指导关系、电子指导活动和电子指导项目作为基本的研究单元,借鉴西方逻辑紧密的研究框架,有序开展本土化的实证研究。项目实践应充分认识国内推行电子指导项目的社会条件,以E-Mail为核心,重视多种技术的融合,将电子指导项目纳入终身学习制度建设体系中,与学分银行和先前学习经验认定挂钩。

E-mentoring, a beneficial complement to traditional mentoring, is a rising kind of mentoring building and maintaining mutually mentoring relationship through e-mail and other electronic means. Western e-mentoring research started relatively early, and has culminated in consensus on its definition, advantages,potential risks, program development and research framework. The model of structured e-mentoring which includes three phases called planning, program structure and assessment serves for the cyclic adjustment to the e-mentoring program. E-mentoring research framework was built on 15 basic research issues and the conceptual model for e-mentoring research agenda. The conceptual model, which is logically associated with the 15 issues, could be treated as a progress-guiding model, a factor-analysis model, and an advantage-disadvantage comparison model,and could finally guide, analyze and compare e-mentoring program practices according to the 15 issues.E-mentoring theory and practice in China is still in its infancy. Native studies should base the research on traditional mentoring literatures; clarify the identification of e-mentoring; take e-mentoring behavior, relationship,activity and program as basic research units; and do native empirical research in order with western theoretical issues for reference. As for cultivating native e-mentoring programs, centered on e-mail technology, integrating other electronic technologies should be emphasized while considering the local social conditions. In the meanwhile,e-mentoring program should be incorporated into lifelong learning system, and linked to the credit bank, time bank and prior learning assessment and recognition.