支气管哮喘对中国患者生活及情感影响及相关因素的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Asthma Impact and Related Factors on the Life and Emotion of Patients in China

目的了解我国支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)对患者生活及情感影响的现状及相关因素。方法对2009年至2013年全国哮喘患病情况及相关危险因素的流行病学调查中确诊的2 034例哮喘患者进行详细的相关问卷调查,研究支气管哮喘对患者在娱乐、教育、生育和就业等4个方面的受限情况以及对患者情感的影响。采用Epidata数据库进行录入,SAS 9.2软件进行统计分析。结果2 034例哮喘患者中由于哮喘疾病使患者感到活动受限等不便的中位时间为15.3年。59.6%的患者因哮喘在娱乐、教育、生育和就业中受限,33.8%在以上4个方面中有1项活动受限;8.1%有1项中大部分活动受限;12.1%有2项或2项以上活动受限;5.6%有4项活动受限。8.9%的哮喘患者在日常生活如做饭、购物、从事家务时均需要器具的帮助。3.5%的哮喘患者在吃饭、个人卫生、大小便之类也需要他人帮助,日常自理活动明显受限。21.7%的哮喘患者认为因哮喘严重影响了与朋友或亲人之间的感情,4.0%甚至有自杀倾向。患者年龄、合并症和规律用药治疗情况是最主要的影响因素。结论哮喘对患者的生活和情感有明显负面影响,控制哮喘合并症和规范哮喘治疗是改善患者生活和情感状况的有效方法。

Objective To survey the current asthma impact on quality of life and related factors in China. Methods Two thousand and thirty-four asthmatic patients,from bronchial asthma prevalence epidemiology survey in the population over 14 years old in 8 areas of China from 2009 to 2013,were enrolled. The data about medical resource use,control status and quality of life were collected by detailed questionnaire and analysed using the Epidata database and SAS 9. 2 software. Results Out of the 2034 asthma patients,1213 patients（ 59. 6%） reported that their activities including entertainment,learning,fertility and employment were limited due to asthma. In the four aspects of entertainment,education,family and employment,688 patients（ 33. 8%） had one limited activity in one aspect,165 patients（ 8. 19%） had most of activities limited in one aspect,246 patients（ 12. 1%） had limited activities in two or three aspects,114 patients（ 5. 6%） had limited activities in all aspects. One hundred and eighty-one patients（ 8. 9%）needed help in daily life,such as cooking,shopping,doing housework. Seventy-one patients（ 3. 5%） even needed help in eating,personal hygiene,toilet,and their daily activities were remarkably restricted. Eightyone patients（ 4. 0%） had motive of suicide. Aging,comorbidity,and medication use were the most important factors. Conclusion Asthma has a significant negative effects on the life and emotion of patients,and proper control of comorbidity and regular treatment of asthma are effective ways to improve the life and emotional state of patients with asthma.