民主、民主化与美国民主的困境

Democracy,Democratization,and Dilemma of the American Democratic System

冷战后，苏联东欧国家民主化、北非中东国家“阿拉伯之春”、美国政治极化代表了民主所面临的三种不同类型的问题与危机：民主与民主化、民主化与民主巩固、民主体制与现代治理。民主是一种目标，民主化是向这个目标转变的过程，民主巩固需要国家建构先于民主体制建构。美国当代民主体制的衰败是麦迪逊式共和体制与现代治理之间的矛盾与冲突所致。因此，民主转型与民主巩固的失败，民主体制与现代治理的矛盾，代表了当代民主发展的困境。“强政府与有效治理”成为全球性趋势。

After the end of the Cold War,democratization in the former Soviet Union and East Europe,the'Arab Spring'in North Africa and the Middle East,and political polarization in the U.S.are the manifestations of three different types of problems and crises for democracy:democracy and democratization,democratization and democratic consolidation,and democratic system and modern governance.The decay of contemporary American democratic system is a consequence of the contradiction and conflict between the Madisonian republican system and modern governance.Therefore,the failures of democratic transition and consolidation,and the contradiction between democratic system and modern governance constitute the dilemmas of the contemporary development of democracy.'Strong government and effective governance'has become a global trend.