固城湖中华绒螯蟹可食部位氨基酸和脂肪酸组成

Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Edible Parts of Chinese Mitten Crab in Gucheng Lake, Nanjing

对固城湖雌雄各10只中华绒螯蟹的肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺可食部位氨基酸、脂肪酸等指标进行测定。结果显示:雌、雄蟹肌肉中脂肪沉积最少,总蛋白含量较高,雌蟹肝胰腺中甘油三酯含量低于雄蟹(P<0.01),卵巢中甘油三酯含量高于精巢(P<0.01),肝胰腺和性腺中总蛋白含量与甘油三酯分布相反。雌蟹肝胰腺中单不饱和脂肪酸高于雄蟹(P<0.05),饱和脂肪酸低于雄蟹(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸在可食部位中无显著差异。肝胰腺中n-3/n-6值雄蟹高于雌蟹(P<0.05)。总氨基酸在肌肉中雄蟹高于雌蟹(P<0.05),在肝胰腺中低于雌蟹(P<0.01),在性腺中差异不显著。中华绒螯蟹体内必需氨基酸组成均符合国际粮农组织、世界卫生组织及联合国大学理想模式,性腺和肝胰腺中氨基酸营养评价雌蟹优于雄蟹。综合中华绒螯蟹可食部位总蛋白和总脂类沉积,雌蟹可食部位营养价值优于雄蟹,这与消费者对螃蟹选择消费取向一致。

Edible parts（muscle, hepatopancreas and gonads） of 20 Chinese mitten crabs, half male and half female, were determined in this study for biological parameters, fat and protein contents and amino acid and fatty acid compositions. The results showed that the muscle of both male and female crabs exhibited the lowest fat deposition and higher levels of total protein content. Triglyceride content in the hepatopancreas of female crabs was significantly lower than that in male crabs（P 〈0.01）, and triglyceride content in ovaries was significantly higher than in testes（P 〈0.01）. Nevertheless, the distribution of total protein content in hepatopancreas and gonads was opposite to that of triglyceride content. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids inthe hepatopancreas of female crabs was significantly higher than that of male crabs（P 〈0.05）, while the content of saturated fatty acids in the hepatopancreas of female crabs was significantly lower（P 〈0.05）. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the edible parts were not significantly different. The n-3/n-6 ratio in the hepatopancreas of male crabs was significantly higher than that of female crabs（P 〈0.05）. The content of total amino acids in the muscle of male crabs was significantly higher than that of female crabs（P 〈0.05）, but in the hepatopancreas of male crabs significantly lower than that of female crabs（P 〈0.01）. No significant difference in total amino acid content in the gonads between male and female crabs was found. The essential amino acid composition in all the edible parts of Chinese mitten crab was in line with the ideal protein modes recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization and United Nations University. The nutritional evaluation of amino acids in the gonads and hepatopancreas of female crabs was superior to that of male crabs. The total protein content, total lipid deposition and nutritional value in edible parts of female crabs were higher than those of male crabs, which is consistent with the consumer orientation.