不同方式提取的柑橘种子油中脂肪酸组成及活性成分分析

Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Active Substance Content of Citrus Seed Oils Extracted by Different Methods

以红橘种子、长叶橙种子、梁平柚种子为实验原料,分别采用超临界CO2流体萃取、超声波辅助溶剂萃取、机械冷榨、机械热榨4种方法萃取得到12个油脂样品。经气相色谱-质谱测得12个油脂样品脂肪酸的主要成分为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、油酸和亚油酸,部分样品还含有功能性脂肪酸二高-γ-亚麻酸及角鲨烯,且萃取方式对脂肪酸组成影响呈显著水平。高效液相色谱法测定了油脂中柠檬苦素、诺米林和β-谷甾醇的含量,分别为0.05-0.99、0.13-0.98 mg/g和20.25-55.04μg/g,油脂萃取方式对柠檬苦素类物质的含量影响极显著,对β-谷甾醇的含量影响显著。

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of extraction method and citrus variety on the fatty acid composition and active substance content of citrus seed oil. The seeds of tangerine（Citrus reticulate）, long-leafed sweet orange（Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck） and Liangping pomelo（Citrus maxima cv. Liangping Yu） were used in this study. A total of 12 citrus seed oils were extracted from the seed samples by supercritical CO_2 fluid extraction, ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction, mechanical cold pressing, and hot pressing, respectively. The citrus seed oils contained 5 main fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid as measured by GC-MS. Some samples also contained functional fatty acids such as dihomo-γ-linolenic acid and squalene. The extraction methods had a significant effect on fatty acid composition of oils. The contents of limonoids, nomilin, and β-sitosterol in citrus seed oils were 0.05-0.99 mg/g, 0.13-0.98 mg/g, and 20.25-55.04 μg/g, respectively as determined by HPLC. The extraction methods had a significant effect on the β-sitosterol content, and an extremely significant effect on the limonoids content.