中国制造业集聚的空间技术溢出效应:引入制度环境差异的研究

The spatial technology spillovers effect of Chinese manufacturing industries' agglomeration:The difference of institutional environment

基于Fujita和Thisse提出的理论框架,引入制度环境变量,研究地区制造业集聚和制度环境通过地区技术创新影响空间技术溢出的机制。在此基础上,采用2003-2012年中国内地30个省、自治区和直辖市的面板数据,运用面板工具变量两阶段最小二乘法(IV-TSLS)对其机制进行实证检验。研究表明:一方面,从全国总体样本来看,加入制度环境变量后,制造业集聚与法律制度的交互项对地区技术创新和空间技术溢出有显著的正向促进作用;另一方面,从分地区的样本来看,东部地区与全国样本检验结果一致,而中西部地区的制造业集聚并未产生显著的空间技术溢出效应。进而,提出通过优化制造业集聚提高空间技术溢出效应的政策建议。

Based on the theoretical framework established by Fujita and Thisse in 2003, the paper introduces institutional environment variables into the model to study the mechanism about how regional manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration and institutional environment affect spatial technology spillovers through technological innovation. According to the theoretical analysis results, the manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration plays a positive role in promoting regional technological innovation. When the manufacturing industries are gathering within a region, the growth rate of technological innovation of manufacturing industries in this region will be increased gradually, leading to the improvement of regional technological innovation, thus the spatial technology spillovers effect will be stronger. Besides, the institutional environment in a region is better, the manufacturing industry companies＇ are gathering within the region, the level of technological innovation of the manufacturing industries is higher, then the spatial technology spillovers effect is stronger. On this basis, the paper uses panel instrumental variable two- stage least squares estimation method to test the mechanism with panel data of China＇s 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities from 2003 to 2012. The results are shown as follows. On the one hand, from the national overall sample, the manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration alone neither has a positive role in promoting regional technological innovation, nor brings positive spatial technology spillovers effect. However, once the institutional environment variables are introduced, such as the legal system, the marketization level of the real economy, and the marketization level of the virtual economy, the interaction term of manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration and the legal system has a significantly positive role in promoting regional technological innovation and spatial technology spillovers effect. While in the sample years, the interaction of the manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration and the marketization level of the real economy, as well as the interaction of the manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration and the marketization level of the virtual economy does not have a significantly positive role in promoting spatial technology spillovers effect. On the other hand, from the sample of sub-regional perspective, the results of the eastern region of China are consistent with those of the national sample, while the manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration in the central and western regions of China has little significantly positive effect on spatial technology spillovers. Furthermore this paper makes some policy recommendations on improving the spatial technology spillovers by optimizing the manufacturing industries＇ agglomeration.