民事终审裁判生效时间的比较考量

Comparison and Analysis on the Time of Final Civil Judgment Coming Into Force

中国民事终审裁判生效时间节点迄今尚无统一的法律规制。在民事终审裁判理论和实践中,裁判作出生效存在无法满足生效时间的确定性和明示性、对当事人处分权的非均衡性限制的制度困境;送达生效存在同一终审裁判生效时间的非一致性、送达的不可控性与裁判生效时间确定性的矛盾的制度困境。宣告生效则能保障终审裁判效力的确定性,实现与审限规定制度的无缝对接,与宣告后的自缚效力深度契合,并推进法院案件审结方式理性改革的应然回归,是可行选择。

Currently,there is no uniform rule concerning when the finalcivil judgement will come into force in the civil procedure law.In the theory of practice of final civil judgement,the system dilema of taking effect after the final judgement is made includes certainty,explicit time when final civil judgement comes into force and balanced limit on party＇s right of disposition.The system dilemma of taking effect after the judicial service are not coherent for a same final civil judgment,control disability of judicial service and rejection of certainty of the time when final civil judgment coming into force; taking effect after declaration of judgment can guarantee the certainty and explicit of the time that final civil judgment coming into force,achieve the connection with the time limit for hearing and deeply accord with self binding effect of final civil judgment and promote the rational way of the reform of civil trial.Thus,it ought to be the ideal mode for the time of final civil judgment coming into force.