应用膳食平衡指数评价福建城乡居民膳食质量

EVALUATION OF DIETARY QUALITY IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF FUJIAN USING DIET BALANCE INDEX

目的利用膳食平衡指数（DBI-07）评价福建城乡18～59岁居民膳食质量,为今后的营养干预提供依据。方法选用2010～2012年中国居民营养与健康调查中福建地区1448例18～59岁居民3 d完整膳食调查资料及个体基本情况,使用DBI-07评分及评价方法评价福建地区膳食质量。结果福建地区膳食状况主要以中度摄入不足为主,也存在低度摄入过量问题。城乡膳食质量差异显著,农村膳食摄入不足、摄入过度以及膳食失衡程度均要高于城市;男性在摄入过量和不均衡程度上要高于女性;40～49岁人群不均衡程度最高;文化程度和经济状态是影响膳食质量的主要因素。结论福建地区城乡居民畜禽肉类及油盐摄入过量,奶、豆类和水果摄入严重不足,主要膳食模式是模式B。应有的放矢地开展居民膳食引导和营养干预。

Objective To evaluate the overall diet quality of Fujian urban and rural residents using Diet Balance Index（DBI-07）, and to provide scientific evidence for nutritional intervention. Methods 1448 residents aged from 18-59 years who had completed 3 days dietary information and basic information collection were selected from the 2010-2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Fujian province. Dietary quality was evaluated using DBI-07 scoring and evaluating system. Results The major problem of dietary quality in Fujian was moderate insufficient intakes in some foods, accompanied by low-level excessive intakes in some other foods. Dietary quality between urban and rural areas differed significantly, insufficient intakes, excessive intakes, and dietary imbalances were more severe in rural areas than in urban areas; both insufficient intakes and excessive intakes were more severe in males than in females; population of 40-49 years had the highest degree of dietary imbalances; both education and economical statuses were main factors in influencing dietary quality. Conclusion Residents in Fujian had excessive intakes of meat, oil and salt, but also had severe insufficient intakes of milk, beans, and fruits. The main dietary pattern was the B pattern. Residential dietary guidance and nutritional intervention should be implemented differently by targeting different populations.