不同城市化水平社区儿童青少年膳食结构变化趋势

TRENDS OF THE CHANGES IN DIETARY PATTERN OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN COMMUNITIES AT DIFFERENT URBANIZATION LEVELS

目的研究不同城市化水平社区7～17岁儿童青少年膳食结构的变化趋势。方法以＂中国健康与营养调查＂（CHNS）1991～2011年调查数据为基础,选择有连续3 d 24 h完整膳食数据的7～17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,描述该儿童青少年人群平均每天各类食物的摄入量及消费率,比较不同城市化水平下食物摄入量与消费率的变化趋势,并与《中国居民膳食指南》食物推荐摄入量进行比较。结果在同一城市化水平社区,1991～2011年20年间,男孩和女孩谷薯类食物与蔬菜类食物摄入量均呈现下降趋势（P〈0.05）,而畜禽肉类及水产品类、蛋类和奶类食物摄入量呈现上升趋势（P〈0.05）;水果、畜禽肉类及水产品类、蛋类和奶类消费率呈上升趋势。在同一调查年间,随着社区城市化水平的提高,男孩和女孩谷薯类食物与蔬菜类食物摄入量呈现下降趋势（P〈0.05）,畜禽肉类及水产品类、蛋类和奶类食物摄入量呈现上升趋势（P〈0.05）;水果、蛋类和奶类消费率呈上升趋势,畜禽肉类及水产品类消费率基本稳定。结论随着城市化水平的提高,儿童青少年膳食结构有了很大改善,水果、蛋类、畜禽肉和水产品类食物和奶类摄入量更接近推荐摄入量,但是蔬菜、水果、禽类及水产品类和奶类摄入量依然偏低,水果、蛋类和奶类消费率偏低,应提高水果、蛋类和奶类消费率,增加蔬菜、水果、禽类及水产品和奶类食物的摄入量,使膳食结构更加合理。

Objective To explore the changes in dietary pattern of children and adolescents aged 7-17 in communities at different urbanization levels. Methods The samples were collected from eight waves of ＂China Health and Nutrition Survey＂ from 1991 to 2011 aged 7-17 years. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data for 3 days was used to identify food consumption and compare the changes in food consumption of different urbanization level communities. Dietary Guidelines for Chinese was used to evaluate the dietary pattern of children and adolescents. Results From 1991 to 2011, rice products and potato and vegetables intake declined significantly（P〈0.05）, while fruits, the livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, eggs and milk intake presented an increasing tendency（P〈0.05） in the same urbanization level communities. The consumption rate of fruit, livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, eggs and milk was on the rise. With the improvement of community level of urbanization in the same survey year, rice products and potato and vegetables intake declined significantly（P〈0.05）, while the fruit, livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, eggs and milk intake presented an increasing tendency（P〈0.05）. The consumption rate of fruit, eggs and milk was on the rise. Livestock and poultry meat consumption rate kept basically stable. Conclusion The dietary pattern of children and adolescents had been improved a lot with the improvement of urbanization level. The fruit, livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products, eggs and milk intake increased, but the consumption rate of fruits, eggs and milk were still low and should be improved to make the dietary pattern more reasonable.