非洲铁路项目测绘方法研究

Research on the Surveying and Mapping Method for Railway Project in Africa

研究目的:非洲大陆是中国铁路建设"走出去战略"的重点区域之一。然而,非洲国家基础测绘资料匮乏、技术条件落后,自然和交通条件恶劣,人文和社会环境复杂,如何快速、准确获取满足铁路勘测设计需要的测绘成果,减少人员和设备投入,规避安全风险,是参与此类项目的铁路技术人员需潜心思索的课题。本文通过非洲某铁路勘测项目的实践,总结分析中国现代铁路勘测技术应用于非洲国家铁路建设的方法和技术路线。研究结论:本文通过案例分析得出以下结论:(1)采用中国铁路测量标准和技术进行非洲铁路勘测设计是适合非洲国家的基本情况的;(2)在非洲国家基础测绘资料匮乏、技术条件与中国不同等情况下,采用高斯-克吕格投影建立坐标系统以及采用卫星测图和LIDAR技术开展勘测工作,满足铁路工程各阶段设计的测绘资料需求,能够有效规避安全风险;(3)本文研究的勘测技术路线和方法对境外线路工程的勘测设计有一定借鉴意义。

Research purposes： The African continent is one of the key areas of the ＂ going out strategy＂ of China railway construction.However,basic surveying and mapping information of African countries is lack,technical condition is fall behind,natural and traffic conditions are bad,human and social environment is complex,how to obtain the surveying and mapping results quickly and accurately which meet the needs of the railway survey and design,reduce personnel and equipment input,avoid security risks,is task with great concentration of railway technical personnel who participate in such project.The paper used practice of a certain railway survey project in Africa,summarized and analyzed railway construction method and technology roadmap of African countries which use China modern railway survey technology.Research conclusions： The conclusions listed below were drawn in the paper through exemplary cases：（1） The usage of technology and railway survey standard of China in survey and design of the African railway is suitable for the basic situation of Africa countries.（2） The usage of Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system,satellite mapping and LIDAR technology meets the requirements of surveying and mapping information in all phases of railway design and avoids security risks effectively,which makes up the lack of basic survey information in Africa and the technology gaps between Sino-Africa.（3） The survey technical route and method in this paper provide a certain reference to overseas route engineering survey and design.