中国东北柳条边修筑及其生态环境效应——以清前期为限

About the willow branches wall in northeast of China in Qing Dynasty and its eco-environmental effects

运用历史地理学的方法复原清代东北柳条边的修筑过程和全貌,分析其对区域生态环境之影响;东北柳条边是集柳条(部分地段沿用明代辽东边墙)、边门和边台为一体的综合性管理体系,其区域主要在盛京、吉林将军辖区内。在清代前期经过皇太极、顺治年间的不断修筑而得以完成。柳条边是清政府针对清初东北形势新变化而实施的新型社会管理方式,在一定程度上延缓了东北的经济开发,但也起到保护东北自然资源和生态环境的客观效果。迨至晚期,清政府最终解除对东北的封禁。柳条边的物质形态依旧,但其管理形态已荡然无存,它对生态环境的保护作用也随之消失。

Historical documents and historical map to recovery process were used to construct the wicker,to analyze the wicker construction and the influence on ecological environment in the Northeast China.Historical data textual research method and the regional social history analysis were applied.The Willow Branches Wall is an integrated management system,Which sets willow branches（ some sections of the Liaodong side wall in the Ming dynasty）,side door and side table,distributed in Sheng-jing,ji-lin General jurisdiction and Mulan Paddock surrounding.After the initial construction during Chong De years of Huang tai-ji,the further construction was in Shun-zhi and improved in Kang-xi emperor＇ rule.The Willow Branches Wall distributed in Shengjing and Jilin Generals jurisdiction has eventually formed.The Mulan Paddock surrounding was built in the reign of Qianlong.It is a new social management implemented the Qing Dynasty government in the light of the new changes of Northeast situation in early Qing.It slowed the development of the northeast in a certain degree,but protected the ecological environment in Northeast.Till the late Qing Dynasty,with the changes ofthe domestic and international situation,the Qing government repealed the ban on the northeast to attract people on the mainland to develop and guard the frontier,so the Willow Branches Wall has lost the meaning of its existence.