考虑非期望产出的中国省际海洋经济效率测度及时空特征

Marine Economic Efficiency and Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Inter-province Based on Undesirable Outputs in China

基于考虑非期望产出的SBM模型,对2001-2012年沿海11个省市区（不含香港、澳门、台湾地区）的海洋经济效率进行了测度,并对其时空特征进行分析。研究发现：1.不考虑非期望产出的效率值要明显高于考虑非期望产出的效率值,非期望产出对于海洋经济效率具有明显影响。2.2001年以来海洋经济效率演变分为波动下降（2001-2008）和缓慢上升（2009-2012）两个阶段;区域差距呈先缩小后扩大的趋势。3空间上呈现由南北高、中部低的格局向以天津、上海、广东为中心的三极格局演进的趋势;省际变化特征各异。最后对海洋经济效率的影响机制进行了解释,并提出了提高海洋经济效率的实现路径。

We can grasp the marine economic development and existing problems through measuring the marine economy efficiency, which can provide the basis for the marine economy policy. This article is based on consideration of undesirable outputs SBM model, measuring marine economic efficiency value for 11 coastal provinces during 2001 to 2012 and analyzing its spatio-temporal characteristics. Research shows that： 1） The marine economic efficiency value of inconsideration of undesirable output is obviously higher than the one of consideration of undesirable output, which turns out that undesirable output has a significant effect on marine economic efficiency and more accord with the fact. 2） The evolution of marine economic efficiency divided into two stages since 2001, declining with a fluctuant process stage（2001-2008） and rising slowly stage（2009-2012）, which presenting the inefficiency is changing to effective state, but still in a low level. The regional disparity shrank at first and then expanded. 3） From the spatial distribution, in 2001, the initial stage in the tenth Five-Year Plan, the spatial pattern of marine economic efficiency shows the characteristics that the efficiency of the northern and southern is high, and the middle area is low, while in 2012, the spatial pattern shows the three pole. The inter-provincial variation of marine economic efficiency varied from province to province. Hainan was high stable level while Guangdong and Fujian were ascending to the high level.Guangxi, Hebei are in the low and descending level, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang belonged to the low but ascending type, while Jiangsu to the low stable type. In order to explain the influence mechanism of marine economic efficiency, this article explains the influence factors from four aspects. From the element level, the marine and land economic base, the national marine policy, the market mechanism and inter-regional economic relations influence the marine economic efficiency by influence the production organization activities of marine enterprise. From the driving fore level, to gain more profit and enhance market competitiveness, the marine enterprises improve their production efficiency, and the introduction of technology, the inter-regional spillover of efficiency and the local government policy can also improve the efficiency. From the path and effect level, the upgrade of marine industry, the expansion of industrial scale, the improvement of technology and management methods can improve the marine economic efficiency. The improvement of marine economic efficiency can form the feedback mechanism affecting the competitiveness of enterprise, industrial upgrading and the marine and land economic development. Finally, this article put forward some recommendations to improve the marine economic efficiency.