农地经营权抵押贷款为何难以实现——一个综合分析视角

Why rural land management rights of mortgage loan is difficult to achieve——a comprehensive perspective

近年来农地经营权抵押贷款成为学术界研究的焦点,然而我国农地经营权抵押贷款开展的效果并不明显,也未能形成一套相对完善的农地抵押金融信贷体系.本文立足于农村社会学、货币银行学以及风险认知等综合分析的视角,试图阐释并解构农地经营权抵押贷款为何难以实现的内在作用机理,并进行反思:认为农地经营权抵押贷款制度改进的方向在于制度的作用发挥必须充分嵌入乡土社会的具体情境;政府需要搭建平台,从顶层设计的高度出发,支持并引导金融机构开展农地经营权抵押;银行、政府、农民、社会力量等各方需齐心协力,共同应对并防范农地经营权抵押中所面临的各类风险,为农地经营权抵押营造一个健康、合理、有序的良性环境和氛围;对于部分试点先行的地区,在开展农地经营权抵押的进程中,政府、公众以及社会各界还应在一定范围内给予其部分试错权.在反思的基础上,从具体操作层面提出推进农地经营权抵押贷款的政策建议:放松法律管制,允许以农地经营权进行抵押贷款;建立并逐步完善由多主体共同参与、多元化共同分担的风险防范机制;鼓励民间力量及非正式制度介入,填补现有正式制度的束缚和缺位;一定条件下允许各地因地制宜探索农地经营权抵押贷款的创新模式.

In recent years,rural land management rights mortgage become the focus of academic research,however,the effect of farmland management of mortgage loan is also failed to form a set of relatively perfect agricultural land mortgage financial credit system. Based on rural sociology,money and banking and risk etc.Comprehensive analysis of cognitive perspective,trying to explain why rural land management rights of mortgage loan is difficult to achieve,and on the basis of the reflection： thinking of rural land management lies in the system in the direction of the mortgage system to improve the role must be fully embedded into the specific situation of the rural society; the government needs to build platform,starting from the height of the top design,support and guide financial institutions to carry out rural land management rights of mortgage loan; financial institutions,government,farmers,social forces,such as all parties need to work together,jointly cope with and prevent all kinds of risks faced by rural land management rights of mortgage loan,for rural land management rights to create a healthy,reasonable and orderly benign environment and atmosphere; for part of the pilot areas,in the process of rural land management rights of mortgage loan,the government,the public and the social from all walks of life should also be within a certain range to give some of its right to trial and error. On the basis of the reflection from the specificoperation level putting forward to promote the policy suggestions of rural land management rights of mortgage loan ：relax the regulation,allow mortgages in rural land management rights; to establish and gradually improve the main body participation,more diversified share of risk prevention mechanism; encourage private power and informal institution to step in and fill the existing bondage and the absence of the formal system; certain conditions allow around adjust measures to local conditions to explore innovation model of rural land management rights of mortgage loan.