国际贸易、技术创新与中国城镇劳动力的技能工资差距:基于劳动力个体微观数据的实证研究

International Trade, Technological Innovation, and Wage Gap between Skilled and Unskilled Urban Residents in China: An Empirical Study Based on Individual Micro-data

本文基于中国城镇家庭调查数据,运用均值回归和分位数回归方法,实证检验了中国对外贸易及其引致的技术创新效应对劳动力技能工资差距的影响。从平均工资来看,进口贸易不仅直接有利于提高高技能劳动力的平均工资收入,而且通过技能偏向的技术创新效应扩大了技能工资差距;出口贸易本身有助于缩小技能工资差距,但未通过技能偏向的技术创新效应显著影响技能工资差距。从工资分布的不同分位点来看,进口贸易及其通过技术创新效应对高技能劳动力工资的促进作用显著大于低技能劳动力,出口贸易及其通过技术创新效应对低技能劳动力工资没有显著影响;对于高技能劳动力而言,工资收入位于低端和中间位置的群体更容易从进口贸易中受益,同时也更容易从出口贸易中受损。

Based on a survey data of Chinese urban residents, this paper empirically studies the impact of foreign trade and trade-induced technological innovations on skilled-unskilled wage gap using the mean regression and quantile regression methods. The results of the mean regression show that import is not only beneficial as it helps to improve the average wage of skilled labor, but also induces skill- biased technological innovations and increases the skilled- unskilled wage gap; although export itself helps to reduce the skilled- unskilled wage gap,it has no significant effect on the latter through technological innovations. The results of the quantile regression show that, at different quantile points of wage distribution, import and it induced technological innovations are able to improve the wages of skilled labor more than unskilled labor, and export and it induced technological innovations have no significant effects on the wages of unskilled labor.Skilled labor with low and middle wage income not only easily benefit from import, but also easily lose from export.