美元霸权基础的动摇与美国应对战略探析

The Shaking Foundation of Dollar Hegemony and U.S. Responding Strategies

长期以来,美国缺乏实体经济支撑的债务型、虚拟型与服务型经济增长模式冲击了美元霸权的物质基础,国际力量格局的改变也动摇了美元霸权的制度基础、信用基础和安全基础。在后金融危机时代,为维护美元霸权,美国通过实施再工业化战略以恢复实体经济,强化美元霸权的物质基础;通过延缓国际货币体系改革、TPP谈判等以主导全球治理体系,维系美元霸权的制度基础;通过遏制金融主义、亚太再平衡战略等来维护美元霸权的内在运行机制。在美国经济地位相对下降的背景下,军事霸权成为维护美元霸权的辅助手段。对此,需要适时采取措施来消减美国维护美元霸权所造成的战略压力。

For a long time, the debt-based, virtual, and service-oriented growth pattern has weakened the material base of dollar hegemony. The change of the international competition pattern has undermined the institutional, credibility, and security foundation of dollar hegemony. In the post-crisis era, in order to maintain dollar hegemony, America has implemented the reindustrialization strategy to restore its real economy and strengthen the material base of dollar hegemony. America has dominated the global governance system by holdingback IMF quota reforms and propelling the TPP negotiations to maintain the institutional foundation of dollar hegemony. America has contained the financialism and advanced the Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy to maintain the operational mechanism of dollar hegemony. Against the background of the relative decline in America's economic status, military supremacy becomes an important supplementary means to maintain dollar hegemony. Therefore, China should take effective measures to reduce the strategic pressure created by America in its efforts at hegemony preservation.