小学语文教材落实汉字部首规范情况的调查研究

A Survey on the Chinese Character Radical Standard Applied in Chinese Textbooks of Primary Schools

基于大规模语料库,依据现行规范,本文对四套基础教育语文教材中汉字的部首立部归部、部件偏旁部首名称、偏旁部首术语使用的规范落实情况进行统计和分析。四套教材中汉字的部件偏旁部首基本符合现有规范,但均存在失范现象。失范有未充分理解相关概念、功能及原理的因素,也与未充分意识到规范的重要性有关。规范性和标准性是教材首先需要具备的条件。基础教育阶段汉字教学至关重要,教材应在部件偏旁部首的规范性上做进一步调整。现有规范在精准性和实用性上有待进一步完善。

Based on a large linguistic corpus and the present unified national standard, this paper analyzes the classification, names and uses of Chinese radicals, sides and character components in four typical Chinese textbooks of primary schools. Results show that uses of Chinese radicals and character components generally comply with the present standard, but non-standardized uses are also found, which is due to nonsufficient understanding of relevant concepts, functions and principles, and also due to ignorance of the importance of the standard. Standardization and normalization are the most important characteristics of textbooks, especially for Chinese character teaching in primary and secondary education. Therefore, further normalization should be reinforced. On the other hand, the rationality of the present standard needs further improvement in preciseness and practicability.