康德物自体思想的实践哲学效应——以“自我”与“他者”的关系为中心

The Practical Philosophy Effect of the Thing Itself from Kant:——Taking the Relation between 'I' and 'The Other' as a Center

在作为理性自由人的基础上,康德将自我与他人之间的本质关系看作通过道德律实现的理性人格之间的关系。海德格尔则从康德以物自体为基础的认识论中还原出了"在—世界—之中—存在"的此在,此在与他者之间的关系是一种前理论的生存实践关系。但从马丁·布伯和列维纳斯的角度看,这种关系仍然是以孤独此在的存在为基础的,它并未真正揭示自我与他者之间的关系,他们各自在康德和海德格尔基础上探讨了自我和他者之间的关系。

Firstly,this paper discusses the relation between Kant＇s thought of Thing itself and the problem of ＂what is man？＂Secondly,to analyze Heidegger＇s important interpretation of Kant＇s epistemology on the basis of Kant＇s Thing itself,Thirdly,the relationship between ＂self＂ and＂the Other＂realized by the freedom as the ＂Erschlossenheit von Dasein＂is more primitive than the relationship realized by the rational subject＇s freedom.But the priority of the two thoughts of freedom in the two thinkers＇ philosophy highlights the priority of practical philosophy and philosophy of relation compared with the epistemology and philosophy of subjectivity.Finally,on the basis of Kant＇s thoughts of Thing itself and his practical philosophy,philosophy of relation and practical philosophy in Martin Buber＇s thought of the relation of‘I and You＇and Levinas＇ thought of‘the Others＇,and at last Kant＇s Thing itself has indicated the turning of philosophy from epistemology to practical philosophy.