碱玉米秸秆接枝丙烯酸酯乳液新型固沙抑尘剂的合成及应用

Synthesis of alkali corn stalk grafted acrylate emulsion and its application as a new sand-fixation and dust suppressant

采用乳液聚合中的预乳化工艺,制备碱玉米秸秆接枝丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酰胺(AM)新型固沙抑尘剂。考察了单体配比、丙烯酰胺用量、乳化剂用量、引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)用量、反应温度以及碱玉米秸秆加入量对合成产物性能的影响;然后采用FT-IR、HPLC、TG-DTA对产物进行表征,并对固沙抑尘剂的表面固沙效果、保水性和抗压强度等应用性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,单体质量配比(mBA∶mMMA)为7∶3、AM质量分数2%、乳化剂质量分数5%、APS质量分数0.6%、碱玉米秸秆质量分数5%、聚合温度为75℃时,固沙抑尘剂乳液的黏度、流动性、稳定性以及产品外观良好,在320℃下热稳定性良好,保水性和压缩强度可满足实际应用需求。

A new type of sand-fixation and dust suppressant,alkali corn stalk grafted butyl acrylate（ BA） / methyl methacrylate（ MMA） / acrylamide（ AM） has been synthesized using pre-emulsion technology in emulsion polymerization. The effects of varying the ratio of monomers,the dosage of acrylamide and emulsifier,the amounts of initiator ammonium persulfate（ APS）,the reaction temperature and the amounts of alkali corn stalk,on the properties of the emulsion were investigated. The copolymer emulsion was characterized by FT-IR,HPLC and TG-DTA,and the water retention and other sand-fixing properties were also studied. The experiment results showed that the optimal global properties of the emulsion—including the sand-fixing viscosity,mobility,storage stability and appearance—were achieved when the mass ratio of monomer（ mBA∶ mMMA） was 7∶ 3,the mass percentages of acrylamide,emulsifier,APS and alkali corn stalk were 2%,5%,0. 6% and 5%,respectively（ based on the total mass of the monomers）,at a reaction temperature of 75 ℃. The sand-fixation and dust suppressant showed good thermal stability at320 ℃. The water retention and compression strength of the sand-fixation and dust suppressant satisfy the practical requirements for sand-fixation.