维吾尔语学前听障儿童元音错误类型及其影响因素研究

A Study of Vowel Error Types in Preschool Uygur Hearing-impaired Children

目的研究维吾尔语学前听障儿童元音音位习得过程中音位错误类型及相关影响因素。方法采用标准化录音获得39名被试发维吾尔语8个元音的声音文件，计算其音位错误率，运用方差分析判断不同性别、不同年龄听障儿童发8个元音时是否有显著性差异。结果维吾尔语听障儿童元音错误类型出现替换（舌位后移、舌位前移）、歪曲、遗漏等现象。不同性别儿童的元音音位正确率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；不同听觉补偿类型对元音／u／、／i／音位习得正确率的影响有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；不同康复时间对元音／∈／的影响有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）；不同康复时间多重比较结果存在极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论维吾尔语听障儿童元音错误类型包括替换、歪曲和遗漏。性别对其影响不显著，不同补偿类型及康复时间对元音错误类型的影响显著。

Objective To study the types of phonemic errors and relevant influential factors in the acquisition of vowels for preschool Uygur children. Methods The audio files of 8 Uygur vowels of 39 hearing-impaired children were obtained by standardized recordings and the phonemic errors of the vowels were calculated. The analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between different gender and age groups. Results The common vowel error types of Uygur hearing-impaired children were substitution,distortion and omission.There was no significant difference in the vowel phoneme accuracy between males and females （P〉0.05）.There were significant differences in the phonemic acquisition accuracy of/u/and/i/between children with different types of hearing devices （P〈0.05）. There was a highly significant difference in the phonemic acquisition accuracy of / e/between children receiving different durations of rehabilitation,（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Gender has no significant inpact on the phonemic acquisition accuracy,but the types of hearing devices and rehabilitation duration greatly inflvence the accuracy.